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- PDB-9h5g: PAD12 0N3R:0N4R tau PHF -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9h5g
TitlePAD12 0N3R:0N4R tau PHF
ComponentsIsoform Fetal-tau of Microtubule-associated protein tau
KeywordsPROTEIN FIBRIL / Amyloid / alzheimer
Function / homology
Function and homology information


plus-end-directed organelle transport along microtubule / histone-dependent DNA binding / negative regulation of protein localization to mitochondrion / neurofibrillary tangle / microtubule lateral binding / axonal transport / tubulin complex / positive regulation of protein localization to synapse / phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate binding / generation of neurons ...plus-end-directed organelle transport along microtubule / histone-dependent DNA binding / negative regulation of protein localization to mitochondrion / neurofibrillary tangle / microtubule lateral binding / axonal transport / tubulin complex / positive regulation of protein localization to synapse / phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate binding / generation of neurons / rRNA metabolic process / axonal transport of mitochondrion / regulation of mitochondrial fission / axon development / regulation of microtubule-based movement / intracellular distribution of mitochondria / regulation of chromosome organization / central nervous system neuron development / minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA binding / lipoprotein particle binding / microtubule polymerization / negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential / regulation of microtubule polymerization / dynactin binding / apolipoprotein binding / protein polymerization / main axon / Caspase-mediated cleavage of cytoskeletal proteins / regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization / negative regulation of mitochondrial fission / axolemma / glial cell projection / neurofibrillary tangle assembly / positive regulation of axon extension / regulation of cellular response to heat / positive regulation of microtubule polymerization / Activation of AMPK downstream of NMDARs / positive regulation of protein localization / positive regulation of superoxide anion generation / cellular response to brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulus / regulation of long-term synaptic depression / supramolecular fiber organization / cytoplasmic microtubule organization / regulation of calcium-mediated signaling / axon cytoplasm / somatodendritic compartment / synapse assembly / phosphatidylinositol binding / nuclear periphery / astrocyte activation / enzyme inhibitor activity / protein phosphatase 2A binding / stress granule assembly / regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization / regulation of autophagy / cellular response to reactive oxygen species / microglial cell activation / cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus / Hsp90 protein binding / protein homooligomerization / SH3 domain binding / PKR-mediated signaling / synapse organization / regulation of synaptic plasticity / response to lead ion / microtubule cytoskeleton organization / memory / neuron projection development / cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule / cell-cell signaling / single-stranded DNA binding / cellular response to heat / growth cone / protein-folding chaperone binding / microtubule cytoskeleton / actin binding / cell body / double-stranded DNA binding / microtubule binding / sequence-specific DNA binding / amyloid fibril formation / dendritic spine / microtubule / protein-macromolecule adaptor activity / learning or memory / neuron projection / membrane raft / negative regulation of gene expression / axon / neuronal cell body / DNA damage response / dendrite / protein kinase binding / enzyme binding / mitochondrion / DNA binding / RNA binding / extracellular region / identical protein binding / nucleus
Similarity search - Function
Microtubule-associated protein Tau / Microtubule associated protein, tubulin-binding repeat / Tau and MAP protein, tubulin-binding repeat / Tau and MAP proteins tubulin-binding repeat signature. / Tau and MAP proteins tubulin-binding repeat profile. / :
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Microtubule-associated protein tau
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / helical reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.48 Å
AuthorsLovestam, S. / Scheres, S.H.W. / Goedert, M.
Funding support United Kingdom, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Medical Research Council (MRC, United Kingdom) United Kingdom
CitationJournal: Elife / Year: 2026
Title: Twelve phosphomimetic mutations induce the assembly of recombinant full-length human tau into paired helical filaments.
Authors: Sofia Lövestam / Jane L Wagstaff / Taxiarchis Katsinelos / Jenny Shi / Stefan M V Freund / Michel Goedert / Sjors H W Scheres /
Abstract: The assembly of tau into amyloid filaments is associated with more than 20 neurodegenerative diseases, collectively termed tauopathies. Electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of brain-derived ...The assembly of tau into amyloid filaments is associated with more than 20 neurodegenerative diseases, collectively termed tauopathies. Electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of brain-derived tau filaments revealed that specific structures define different diseases, triggering a quest for the development of experimental model systems that replicate the structures of disease. Here, we describe 12 phosphomimetic serine/threonine-to-aspartate mutations in tau, which we term PAD12, that collectively induce the in vitro assembly of full-length three-repeat tau into filaments with the same structure as paired helical filaments extracted from the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy suggests that phosphomimetic mutations in the carboxy-terminal domain of tau may facilitate filament formation by disrupting an intramolecular interaction between two IVYK motifs. PAD12 tau can be used for both nucleation-dependent and multiple rounds of seeded assembly in vitro, as well as for the seeding of tau biosensor cells. PAD12 tau can be assembled into paired helical filaments under various shaking conditions, with the resulting filaments being stable for extended periods of time. They can be labelled with fluorophores and biotin. Tau filaments extracted from the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease have been known to be made of hyperphosphorylated and abnormally phosphorylated full-length tau, but it was not known if the presence of this post-translational modification is more than a mere correlation. Our findings suggest that hyperphosphorylation of tau may be sufficient for the formation of the Alzheimer tau fold. PAD12 tau will be a useful tool for the study of molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration.
History
DepositionOct 22, 2024Deposition site: PDBE / Processing site: PDBE
Revision 1.0Dec 4, 2024Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Dec 4, 2024Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Dec 4, 2024Data content type: Additional map / Data content type: Additional map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Dec 4, 2024Data content type: FSC / Data content type: FSC / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Dec 4, 2024Data content type: Half map / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Dec 4, 2024Data content type: Half map / Part number: 2 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Dec 4, 2024Data content type: Image / Data content type: Image / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Dec 4, 2024Data content type: Primary map / Data content type: Primary map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.1Jun 3, 2026Group: Data collection / Database references / Category: citation / citation_author / em_admin
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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Isoform Fetal-tau of Microtubule-associated protein tau
B: Isoform Fetal-tau of Microtubule-associated protein tau
C: Isoform Fetal-tau of Microtubule-associated protein tau
D: Isoform Fetal-tau of Microtubule-associated protein tau
E: Isoform Fetal-tau of Microtubule-associated protein tau
F: Isoform Fetal-tau of Microtubule-associated protein tau


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)222,4386
Polymers222,4386
Non-polymers00
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

#1: Protein
Isoform Fetal-tau of Microtubule-associated protein tau / Neurofibrillary tangle protein / Paired helical filament-tau / PHF-tau


Mass: 37073.078 Da / Num. of mol.: 6
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: MAPT, MAPTL, MTBT1, TAU / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P10636
Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: FILAMENT / 3D reconstruction method: helical reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Amyloid filament of tau / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: all / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightExperimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.28
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
Specimen supportGrid material: GOLD
VitrificationInstrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 %

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2500 nm / Nominal defocus min: 500 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 30 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: FEI FALCON IV (4k x 4k)

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Processing

EM softwareName: RELION / Version: 5 / Category: 3D reconstruction
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Helical symmertyAngular rotation/subunit: 179.474 ° / Axial rise/subunit: 2.43 Å / Axial symmetry: C1
3D reconstructionResolution: 2.48 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 56351 / Algorithm: FOURIER SPACE / Symmetry type: HELICAL

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