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- PDB-9ghz: Cryo-EM structure of human SLC45A4 in lipid nanodiscs -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9ghz
TitleCryo-EM structure of human SLC45A4 in lipid nanodiscs
ComponentsSolute carrier family 45 member 4
KeywordsTRANSPORT PROTEIN / Transporter / SLC / MFS / Polyamine / Spermidine
Function / homologysucrose:proton symporter activity / sucrose transport / Major facilitator superfamily / Major Facilitator Superfamily / MFS transporter superfamily / membrane / 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycerophosphoethanolamine / CHOLESTEROL / Solute carrier family 45 member 4
Function and homology information
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.25 Å
AuthorsMarkusson, S. / Newstead, S.
Funding support United Kingdom, 2items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Wellcome Trust215519/Z/19/Z United Kingdom
Wellcome Trust219531/Z/19/Z United Kingdom
Citation
Journal: To Be Published
Title: Cryo-EM structure of human SLC45A4 in lipid nanodiscs
Authors: Markusson, S. / Newstead, S.
#1: Journal: Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol / Year: 2018
Title: Real-space refinement in PHENIX for cryo-EM and crystallography.
Authors: Pavel V Afonine / Billy K Poon / Randy J Read / Oleg V Sobolev / Thomas C Terwilliger / Alexandre Urzhumtsev / Paul D Adams /
Abstract: This article describes the implementation of real-space refinement in the phenix.real_space_refine program from the PHENIX suite. The use of a simplified refinement target function enables very fast ...This article describes the implementation of real-space refinement in the phenix.real_space_refine program from the PHENIX suite. The use of a simplified refinement target function enables very fast calculation, which in turn makes it possible to identify optimal data-restraint weights as part of routine refinements with little runtime cost. Refinement of atomic models against low-resolution data benefits from the inclusion of as much additional information as is available. In addition to standard restraints on covalent geometry, phenix.real_space_refine makes use of extra information such as secondary-structure and rotamer-specific restraints, as well as restraints or constraints on internal molecular symmetry. The re-refinement of 385 cryo-EM-derived models available in the Protein Data Bank at resolutions of 6 Å or better shows significant improvement of the models and of the fit of these models to the target maps.
#2: Journal: Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr / Year: 2010
Title: Features and development of Coot.
Authors: P Emsley / B Lohkamp / W G Scott / K Cowtan /
Abstract: Coot is a molecular-graphics application for model building and validation of biological macromolecules. The program displays electron-density maps and atomic models and allows model manipulations ...Coot is a molecular-graphics application for model building and validation of biological macromolecules. The program displays electron-density maps and atomic models and allows model manipulations such as idealization, real-space refinement, manual rotation/translation, rigid-body fitting, ligand search, solvation, mutations, rotamers and Ramachandran idealization. Furthermore, tools are provided for model validation as well as interfaces to external programs for refinement, validation and graphics. The software is designed to be easy to learn for novice users, which is achieved by ensuring that tools for common tasks are 'discoverable' through familiar user-interface elements (menus and toolbars) or by intuitive behaviour (mouse controls). Recent developments have focused on providing tools for expert users, with customisable key bindings, extensions and an extensive scripting interface. The software is under rapid development, but has already achieved very widespread use within the crystallographic community. The current state of the software is presented, with a description of the facilities available and of some of the underlying methods employed.
#3: Journal: Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol / Year: 2018
Title: ISOLDE: a physically realistic environment for model building into low-resolution electron-density maps.
Authors: Tristan Ian Croll /
Abstract: This paper introduces ISOLDE, a new software package designed to provide an intuitive environment for high-fidelity interactive remodelling/refinement of macromolecular models into electron-density ...This paper introduces ISOLDE, a new software package designed to provide an intuitive environment for high-fidelity interactive remodelling/refinement of macromolecular models into electron-density maps. ISOLDE combines interactive molecular-dynamics flexible fitting with modern molecular-graphics visualization and established structural biology libraries to provide an immersive interface wherein the model constantly acts to maintain physically realistic conformations as the user interacts with it by directly tugging atoms with a mouse or haptic interface or applying/removing restraints. In addition, common validation tasks are accelerated and visualized in real time. Using the recently described 3.8 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of the eukaryotic minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase complex as a case study, it is demonstrated how ISOLDE can be used alongside other modern refinement tools to avoid common pitfalls of low-resolution modelling and improve the quality of the final model. A detailed analysis of changes between the initial and final model provides a somewhat sobering insight into the dangers of relying on a small number of validation metrics to judge the quality of a low-resolution model.
#4: Journal: Nat Methods / Year: 2017
Title: cryoSPARC: algorithms for rapid unsupervised cryo-EM structure determination.
Authors: Ali Punjani / John L Rubinstein / David J Fleet / Marcus A Brubaker /
Abstract: Single-particle electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) is a powerful method for determining the structures of biological macromolecules. With automated microscopes, cryo-EM data can often be obtained in a ...Single-particle electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) is a powerful method for determining the structures of biological macromolecules. With automated microscopes, cryo-EM data can often be obtained in a few days. However, processing cryo-EM image data to reveal heterogeneity in the protein structure and to refine 3D maps to high resolution frequently becomes a severe bottleneck, requiring expert intervention, prior structural knowledge, and weeks of calculations on expensive computer clusters. Here we show that stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and branch-and-bound maximum likelihood optimization algorithms permit the major steps in cryo-EM structure determination to be performed in hours or minutes on an inexpensive desktop computer. Furthermore, SGD with Bayesian marginalization allows ab initio 3D classification, enabling automated analysis and discovery of unexpected structures without bias from a reference map. These algorithms are combined in a user-friendly computer program named cryoSPARC (http://www.cryosparc.com).
#5: Journal: Elife / Year: 2018
Title: New tools for automated high-resolution cryo-EM structure determination in RELION-3.
Authors: Jasenko Zivanov / Takanori Nakane / Björn O Forsberg / Dari Kimanius / Wim Jh Hagen / Erik Lindahl / Sjors Hw Scheres /
Abstract: Here, we describe the third major release of RELION. CPU-based vector acceleration has been added in addition to GPU support, which provides flexibility in use of resources and avoids memory ...Here, we describe the third major release of RELION. CPU-based vector acceleration has been added in addition to GPU support, which provides flexibility in use of resources and avoids memory limitations. Reference-free autopicking with Laplacian-of-Gaussian filtering and execution of jobs from python allows non-interactive processing during acquisition, including 2D-classification, model generation and 3D-classification. Per-particle refinement of CTF parameters and correction of estimated beam tilt provides higher resolution reconstructions when particles are at different heights in the ice, and/or coma-free alignment has not been optimal. Ewald sphere curvature correction improves resolution for large particles. We illustrate these developments with publicly available data sets: together with a Bayesian approach to beam-induced motion correction it leads to resolution improvements of 0.2-0.7 Å compared to previous RELION versions.
#6: Journal: J Struct Biol / Year: 2020
Title: WITHDRAWN: SIMPLE 3.0. Stream single-particle cryo-EM analysis in real time.
Authors: Joseph Caesar / Cyril F Reboul / Chiara Machello / Simon Kiesewetter / Molly L Tang / Justin C Deme / Steven Johnson / Dominika Elmlund / Susan M Lea / Hans Elmlund /
History
DepositionAug 16, 2024Deposition site: PDBE / Processing site: PDBE
Revision 1.0Jul 30, 2025Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 30, 2025Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 30, 2025Data content type: FSC / Data content type: FSC / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 30, 2025Data content type: Half map / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 30, 2025Data content type: Half map / Part number: 2 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 30, 2025Data content type: Image / Data content type: Image / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 30, 2025Data content type: Mask / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Mask / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 30, 2025Data content type: Primary map / Data content type: Primary map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Solute carrier family 45 member 4
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)92,97015
Polymers86,8341
Non-polymers6,13614
Water21612
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, native gel electrophoresis
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

#1: Protein Solute carrier family 45 member 4


Mass: 86833.883 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: SLC45A4, KIAA1126 / Cell line (production host): HEK293F / Production host: Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: Q5BKX6
#2: Chemical ChemComp-3PE / 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycerophosphoethanolamine / 3-SN-PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE / 1,2-DIACYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOETHANOLAMINE


Mass: 748.065 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C41H82NO8P / Comment: phospholipid*YM
#3: Chemical
ChemComp-CLR / CHOLESTEROL


Mass: 386.654 Da / Num. of mol.: 12 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C27H46O
#4: Water ChemComp-HOH / water


Mass: 18.015 Da / Num. of mol.: 12 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Formula: H2O
Has ligand of interestN
Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Human SLC45A4 / Type: ORGANELLE OR CELLULAR COMPONENT / Entity ID: #1 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightExperimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Homo sapiens (human) / Strain: HEK293F / Plasmid: pLexM
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5
SpecimenConc.: 2 mg/ml / Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
Details: Human SLC45A4 reconstituted in MSP1D1 lipid nanodiscs
Specimen supportGrid material: GOLD / Grid mesh size: 300 divisions/in. / Grid type: Quantifoil R1.2/1.3
VitrificationInstrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277 K

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TITAN KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal magnification: 105000 X / Nominal defocus max: 2000 nm / Nominal defocus min: 750 nm
Image recordingAverage exposure time: 2.5 sec. / Electron dose: 39.71 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k) / Num. of grids imaged: 1 / Num. of real images: 20184

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Processing

EM software
IDNameVersionCategory
7Coot0.9.8.1model fitting
8UCSF ChimeraX1.5rc202211091945model fitting
10PHENIX1.20.1-4487model refinement
11ISOLDEmodel refinement
12cryoSPARC4.4.1initial Euler assignment
13cryoSPARC4.4.1final Euler assignment
14cryoSPARC4.4.1classification
15cryoSPARC4.4.13D reconstruction
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Particle selectionNum. of particles selected: 20196090
SymmetryPoint symmetry: C1 (asymmetric)
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.25 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 227752 / Num. of class averages: 1 / Symmetry type: POINT
Atomic model buildingSpace: REAL
RefinementCross valid method: NONE

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