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- PDB-9dj8: RNA-nsp9 bound to the NiRAN domain of the E-RTC with an empty G-pocket -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9dj8
TitleRNA-nsp9 bound to the NiRAN domain of the E-RTC with an empty G-pocket
Components
  • Non-structural protein 9
  • RNA-directed RNA polymerase
KeywordsVIRAL PROTEIN / RdRp / nsp9 / NiRAN / RNA-nsp9 / nsp12 / RTC
Function / homology
Function and homology information


protein guanylyltransferase activity / RNA endonuclease activity producing 3'-phosphomonoesters, hydrolytic mechanism / 5'-3' RNA helicase activity / Lyases; Phosphorus-oxygen lyases / Assembly of the SARS-CoV-2 Replication-Transcription Complex (RTC) / symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of TBK1 activity / Maturation of replicase proteins / TRAF3-dependent IRF activation pathway / ISG15-specific peptidase activity / Transcription of SARS-CoV-2 sgRNAs ...protein guanylyltransferase activity / RNA endonuclease activity producing 3'-phosphomonoesters, hydrolytic mechanism / 5'-3' RNA helicase activity / Lyases; Phosphorus-oxygen lyases / Assembly of the SARS-CoV-2 Replication-Transcription Complex (RTC) / symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of TBK1 activity / Maturation of replicase proteins / TRAF3-dependent IRF activation pathway / ISG15-specific peptidase activity / Transcription of SARS-CoV-2 sgRNAs / snRNP Assembly / Translation of Replicase and Assembly of the Replication Transcription Complex / Replication of the SARS-CoV-2 genome / Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds; Exoribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters / double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membrane / SARS coronavirus main proteinase / host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment / host cell endosome / 3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activity / symbiont-mediated degradation of host mRNA / 5'-3' DNA helicase activity / mRNA guanylyltransferase / symbiont-mediated suppression of host toll-like receptor signaling pathway / symbiont-mediated suppression of host ISG15-protein conjugation / G-quadruplex RNA binding / mRNA guanylyltransferase activity / symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of IRF3 activity / omega peptidase activity / mRNA (guanine-N7)-methyltransferase / methyltransferase cap1 / DNA helicase / symbiont-mediated suppression of host NF-kappaB cascade / SARS-CoV-2 modulates host translation machinery / symbiont-mediated perturbation of host ubiquitin-like protein modification / host cell Golgi apparatus / methyltransferase cap1 activity / cysteine-type deubiquitinase activity / mRNA 5'-cap (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity / ubiquitinyl hydrolase 1 / Hydrolases; Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases); Cysteine endopeptidases / lyase activity / single-stranded RNA binding / viral protein processing / host cell perinuclear region of cytoplasm / host cell endoplasmic reticulum membrane / RNA helicase / symbiont-mediated suppression of host type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway / symbiont-mediated suppression of host gene expression / copper ion binding / viral translational frameshifting / symbiont-mediated activation of host autophagy / RNA-directed RNA polymerase / cysteine-type endopeptidase activity / viral RNA genome replication / RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity / DNA-templated transcription / lipid binding / host cell nucleus / SARS-CoV-2 activates/modulates innate and adaptive immune responses / ATP hydrolysis activity / proteolysis / RNA binding / zinc ion binding / ATP binding
Similarity search - Function
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, SARS-CoV-like / Nonstructural protein 14, betacoronavirus / NSP15, NendoU domain, coronavirus / Nonstructural protein 15, middle domain, alpha/betacoronavirus / Nonstructural protein 15, N-terminal domain, alpha/beta-coronavirus / NSP14, guanine-N7-methyltransferase domain, coronavirus / Coronavirus (CoV) guanine-N7-methyltransferase (N7-MTase) domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp15 N-terminal oligomerization domain profile. / NSP12 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, coronavirus / : ...RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, SARS-CoV-like / Nonstructural protein 14, betacoronavirus / NSP15, NendoU domain, coronavirus / Nonstructural protein 15, middle domain, alpha/betacoronavirus / Nonstructural protein 15, N-terminal domain, alpha/beta-coronavirus / NSP14, guanine-N7-methyltransferase domain, coronavirus / Coronavirus (CoV) guanine-N7-methyltransferase (N7-MTase) domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp15 N-terminal oligomerization domain profile. / NSP12 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, coronavirus / : / Coronavirus Nsp12 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain profile. / Coronavirus Nsp12 Interface domain profile. / : / : / Coronavirus Nonstructural protein 13, 1B domain / Coronavirus Non-structural protein 13, zinc-binding domain / Coronavirus Nonstructural protein 13, stalk domain / Nidovirus 2-O-methyltransferase / Nidovirus 2'-O-methyltransferase (2'-O-MTase) domain profile. / Non-structural protein NSP15, N-terminal domain superfamily, coronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP15, middle domain superfamily / Coronavirus replicase NSP15, N-terminal oligomerization / Nonstructural protein 15, middle domain, coronavirus / Nonstructural protein 13, 1B domain, coronavirus / Coronavirus replicase NSP15, middle domain / Coronavirus replicase NSP15, N-terminal oligomerisation / Nidovirus 3'-5' exoribonuclease domain / Nidovirus 3'-5' exoribonuclease (ExoN) domain profile. / Non-structural protein NSP16, coronavirus-like / Non-structural protein 14, coronavirus / RNA polymerase, N-terminal, coronavirus / Coronavirus 2'-O-methyltransferase / Coronavirus proofreading exoribonuclease / Coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, N-terminal / Nonstructural protein 13, zinc-binding domain, coronavirus-like / Coronaviridae zinc-binding (CV ZBD) domain profile. / Arterivirus Nsp11 N-terminal/Coronavirus NSP15 middle domain / Arterivirus Nsp11 N-terminal/coronavirus NSP15 middle (AV-Nsp11N/CoV-Nsp15M) domain profile. / Nidoviral uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (NendoU) domain profile. / Nidovirus RdRp-associated nucleotidyl transferase (NiRAN) domain / Nidovirus RdRp-associated nucleotidyl transferase (NiRAN) domain profile. / Endoribonuclease EndoU-like / NendoU domain, nidovirus / Coronavirus replicase NSP15, uridylate-specific endoribonuclease / : / Lipocalin signature. / DNA2/NAM7 helicase-like, C-terminal / AAA domain / (+) RNA virus helicase core domain / (+)RNA virus helicase core domain profile. / Non-structural protein NSP3, SUD-N (Mac2) domain, betacoronavirus / Sarbecovirus Nsp3c-N domain profile. / Non-structural protein NSP3, N-terminal, betacoronavirus / Polyprotein cleavage domain PL2pro superfamily, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3, SUD-N (Mac2) domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Betacoronavirus SUD-C domain / Betacoronavirus replicase NSP3, N-terminal / NSP1 globular domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein 2, SARS-CoV-like / Coronavirus Nsp6 transmembrane protein profile. / Coronavirus Nsp4 ectodomain (4Ecto) profile. / Betacoronavirus single-stranded poly(A) binding domain / Betacoronavirus Nsp3c-M domain profile. / NSP1, globular domain, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3, SUD-M domain, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3, SUD-M domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Betacoronavirus replicase NSP1 / NSP1, C-terminal domain, betacoronavirus / Betacoronavirus (BetaCoV) Nsp1 C-terminal domain profile. / : / Betacoronavirus Nsp3e group 2-specific marker (G2M) domain profile. / Betacoronavirus Nsp3c-C domain profile. / Betacoronavirus Nsp3e nucleic acid-binding (NAB) domain profile. / DPUP/SUD, C-terminal, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3, nucleic acid-binding domain, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3A domain-like superfamily / Non-structural protein NSP3, nucleic acid-binding domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein 6, betacoronavirus / Betacoronavirus nucleic acid-binding (NAB) / Papain-like viral protease, palm and finger domains, coronavirus / Papain-like protease, N-terminal domain superfamily, coronavirus / Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase subdomain signature 2. / Coronavirus replicase NSP2, N-terminal / : / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp2 middle domain profile. / NSP1, globular domain, alpha/betacoronavirus / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp1 globular domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp2 N-terminal domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp2 C-terminal domain profile. / Nonstructural protein 2, N-terminal domain, coronavirus / Non-structural protein 2, C-terminal domain, coronavirus / NSP3, second ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain, coronavirus / Coronavirus Nsp3a Ubl domain profile. / Coronavirus Nsp3d Ubl domain profile. / NSP3, first ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain, coronavirus / Peptidase family C16 domain profile. / Coronavirus replicase NSP7 / : / : / Coronavirus Nsp3 ectodomain (3Ecto) profile.
Similarity search - Domain/homology
ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE / Replicase polyprotein 1ab
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.58 Å
AuthorsSmall, G.I. / Darst, S.A. / Campbell, E.A.
Funding support United States, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute Of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/NIAID)AI161278 United States
CitationJournal: Cell / Year: 2025
Title: The mechanism for GTP-mediated RNA capping by the SARS-CoV-2 NiRAN domain remains unresolved.
Authors: Gabriel I Small / Seth A Darst / Elizabeth A Campbell /
Abstract: The Nidovirus RdRp-associated nucleotidyltransferase (NiRAN) domain initiates mRNA capping in coronaviruses through a GDP-polyribonucleotidyltransferase reaction, with RNA covalently linked to nsp9. ...The Nidovirus RdRp-associated nucleotidyltransferase (NiRAN) domain initiates mRNA capping in coronaviruses through a GDP-polyribonucleotidyltransferase reaction, with RNA covalently linked to nsp9. GDP is the preferred substrate for this reaction, but the NiRAN domain can also utilize GTP to produce an authentic 5' RNA cap structure, though the GTP-mediated mechanism is unclear. Yan and colleagues claimed to have delineated the reaction mechanism from the analysis of a cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of a trapped catalytic intermediate of the SARS-CoV-2 NiRAN domain with a β-γ-non-hydrolyzable GTP analog (GMPPNP) and RNA-nsp9 (PDB: 8GWE). We show that the cryo-EM data used to derive PDB: 8GWE do not support the presence of GMPPNP in the NiRAN active site, and the resulting atomic model is incompatible with fundamental chemical principles. We conclude that Yan and colleagues' conclusions are not experimentally supported and the mechanism for GTP-mediated RNA capping by the SARS-CoV-2 NiRAN domain remains unresolved. This Matters Arising paper is in response to Yan et al. (2022), published in Cell. See also the response by Huang et al. (2025), published in this issue.
History
DepositionSep 6, 2024Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Mar 19, 2025Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Mar 19, 2025Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: RNA-directed RNA polymerase
G: Non-structural protein 9
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)119,6505
Polymers119,1722
Non-polymers4783
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

#1: Protein RNA-directed RNA polymerase / Pol / RdRp / Non-structural protein 12 / nsp12


Mass: 106780.977 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Gene: rep, 1a-1b / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / References: UniProt: P0DTD1, RNA-directed RNA polymerase
#2: Protein Non-structural protein 9 / nsp9


Mass: 12391.171 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Gene: rep, 1a-1b / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / References: UniProt: P0DTD1
#3: Chemical ChemComp-ZN / ZINC ION


Mass: 65.409 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Zn
#4: Chemical ChemComp-AMP / ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE


Mass: 347.221 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C10H14N5O7P / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION / Comment: AMP*YM
Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: E-RTC with RNA-nsp9 bound to the NiRAN domain. / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#2 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Source (natural)Organism: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Source (recombinant)Organism: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria)
Buffer solutionpH: 7
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TITAN KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: TUNGSTEN HAIRPIN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2000 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1000 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 60 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K2 QUANTUM (4k x 4k)

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Processing

CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 2.58 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 215570 / Symmetry type: POINT

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