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- PDB-8x1n: Cryo-EM structure of human alpha-fetoprotein -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 8x1n
TitleCryo-EM structure of human alpha-fetoprotein
ComponentsAlpha-fetoprotein
KeywordsTRANSPORT PROTEIN / N-glycosylation / Fatty acids / Metal ion
Function / homology
Function and homology information


progesterone metabolic process / ovulation from ovarian follicle / homeostasis of number of cells / Post-translational protein phosphorylation / Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs) / immune response / endoplasmic reticulum lumen / apoptotic process / extracellular space / metal ion binding / cytoplasm
Similarity search - Function
Serum albumin/Alpha-fetoprotein/Afamin / ALB/AFP/VDB / Serum albumin, N-terminal / Serum albumin, conserved site / Serum albumin-like / Serum albumin family / Albumin domain signature. / Albumin domain profile. / serum albumin
Similarity search - Domain/homology
PALMITIC ACID / Alpha-fetoprotein
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.31 Å
AuthorsLiu, Z.M. / Li, M.S. / Wu, C. / Liu, K.
Funding support China, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Science Foundation (NSF, China) China
CitationJournal: Commun Biol / Year: 2024
Title: Structural characteristics of alpha-fetoprotein, including N-glycosylation, metal ion and fatty acid binding sites.
Authors: Kun Liu / Cang Wu / Mingyue Zhu / Junnv Xu / Bo Lin / Haifeng Lin / Zhongmin Liu / Mengsen Li /
Abstract: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a serum glycoprotein, is expressed during embryonic development and the pathogenesis of liver cancer. It serves as a clinical tumor marker, function as a carcinogen, immune ...Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a serum glycoprotein, is expressed during embryonic development and the pathogenesis of liver cancer. It serves as a clinical tumor marker, function as a carcinogen, immune suppressor, and transport vehicle; but the detailed AFP structural information has not yet been reported. In this study, we used single-particle cryo-electron microscopy(cryo-EM) to analyze the structure of the recombinant AFP obtained a 3.31 Å cryo-EM structure and built an atomic model of AFP. We observed and identified certain structural features of AFP, including N-glycosylation at Asn251, four natural fatty acids bound to distinct domains, and the coordination of metal ions by residues His22, His264, His268, and Asp280. Furthermore, we compared the structural similarities and differences between AFP and human serum albumin. The elucidation of AFP's structural characteristics not only contributes to a deeper understanding of its functional mechanisms, but also provides a structural basis for developing AFP-based drug vehicles.
History
DepositionNov 8, 2023Deposition site: PDBJ / Processing site: PDBC
Revision 1.0May 15, 2024Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Revision 1.1Oct 16, 2024Group: Data collection / Structure summary
Category: em_admin / pdbx_entry_details / pdbx_modification_feature
Item: _em_admin.last_update / _pdbx_entry_details.has_protein_modification
Revision 1.2Jul 2, 2025Group: Data collection / Category: em_admin / em_software / Item: _em_admin.last_update / _em_software.name
Revision 1.1Jul 2, 2025Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata / Group: Data processing / Experimental summary / Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata / Category: em_admin / em_software / Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata / Item: _em_admin.last_update / _em_software.name

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Alpha-fetoprotein
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)70,4357
Polymers68,7571
Non-polymers1,6786
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

#1: Protein Alpha-fetoprotein / Alpha-1-fetoprotein / Alpha-fetoglobulin


Mass: 68757.406 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: AFP, HPAFP / Production host: Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P02771
#2: Polysaccharide beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta- ...beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 586.542 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DManpb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-ROHGlycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/2,3,2/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O][a1122h-1b_1-5]/1-1-2/a4-b1_b4-c1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[][D-1-deoxy-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-Manp]{}}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#3: Chemical ChemComp-ZN / ZINC ION


Mass: 65.409 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Zn / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
#4: Chemical
ChemComp-PLM / PALMITIC ACID


Mass: 256.424 Da / Num. of mol.: 4 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C16H32O2 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Cryo-EM structure of human alpha-fetoprotein / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Buffer solutionpH: 8
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TITAN KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: SPOT SCAN
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2000 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1000 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 50 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k)

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Processing

EM softwareName: PHENIX / Category: model refinement
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.31 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 144221 / Symmetry type: POINT

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