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- PDB-8gvf: The outward-facing structure of hAE2 in basic pH -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 8gvf
TitleThe outward-facing structure of hAE2 in basic pH
ComponentsAnion exchange protein 2
KeywordsTRANSPORT PROTEIN / chloride and bicarbonate transporter human-AE2
Function / homology
Function and homology information


negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation / negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation / positive regulation of enamel mineralization / Bicarbonate transporters / amelogenesis / monoatomic anion transmembrane transporter activity / chloride:bicarbonate antiporter activity / solute:inorganic anion antiporter activity / bicarbonate transport / digestive tract development ...negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation / negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation / positive regulation of enamel mineralization / Bicarbonate transporters / amelogenesis / monoatomic anion transmembrane transporter activity / chloride:bicarbonate antiporter activity / solute:inorganic anion antiporter activity / bicarbonate transport / digestive tract development / monoatomic anion transport / regulation of bone resorption / transmembrane transporter activity / osteoclast differentiation / regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization / regulation of intracellular pH / transmembrane transport / spermatogenesis / basolateral plasma membrane / apical plasma membrane / focal adhesion / enzyme binding / membrane / plasma membrane
Similarity search - Function
Anion exchange protein 2 / Anion exchange protein / Anion exchange, conserved site / Anion exchangers family signature 1. / Anion exchangers family signature 2. / Band 3 cytoplasmic domain / Band 3 cytoplasmic domain / Bicarbonate transporter, eukaryotic / Bicarbonate transporter-like, transmembrane domain / HCO3- transporter family / Phosphotransferase/anion transporter
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Anion exchange protein 2
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.09 Å
AuthorsZhang, Q. / Jian, L. / Yao, D. / Rao, B. / Hu, K. / Xia, Y. / Cao, Y.
Funding support China, 2items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST, China)2018YFC1004704 China
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)82072468 China
CitationJournal: Nat Commun / Year: 2023
Title: The structural basis of the pH-homeostasis mediated by the Cl/HCO exchanger, AE2.
Authors: Qing Zhang / Liyan Jian / Deqiang Yao / Bing Rao / Ying Xia / Kexin Hu / Shaobai Li / Yafeng Shen / Mi Cao / An Qin / Jie Zhao / Yu Cao /
Abstract: The cell maintains its intracellular pH in a narrow physiological range and disrupting the pH-homeostasis could cause dysfunctional metabolic states. Anion exchanger 2 (AE2) works at high cellular pH ...The cell maintains its intracellular pH in a narrow physiological range and disrupting the pH-homeostasis could cause dysfunctional metabolic states. Anion exchanger 2 (AE2) works at high cellular pH to catalyze the exchange between the intracellular HCO and extracellular Cl, thereby maintaining the pH-homeostasis. Here, we determine the cryo-EM structures of human AE2 in five major operating states and one transitional hybrid state. Among those states, the AE2 shows the inward-facing, outward-facing, and intermediate conformations, as well as the substrate-binding pockets at two sides of the cell membrane. Furthermore, critical structural features were identified showing an interlock mechanism for interactions among the cytoplasmic N-terminal domain and the transmembrane domain and the self-inhibitory effect of the C-terminal loop. The structural and cell-based functional assay collectively demonstrate the dynamic process of the anion exchange across membranes and provide the structural basis for the pH-sensitive pH-rebalancing activity of AE2.
History
DepositionSep 15, 2022Deposition site: PDBJ / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Apr 12, 2023Provider: repository / Type: Initial release

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Anion exchange protein 2
B: Anion exchange protein 2


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)274,3542
Polymers274,3542
Non-polymers00
Water0
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: electron microscopy
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

#1: Protein Anion exchange protein 2 / / AE 2 / Anion exchanger 2 / Non-erythroid band 3-like protein / BND3L / Solute carrier family 4 member 2


Mass: 137176.906 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: SLC4A2, AE2, EPB3L1, HKB3, MPB3L / Production host: Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P04920

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: hAE2 with bicarbonate / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: all / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightValue: 0.137 MDa / Experimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.4
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TITAN KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: SPOT SCAN
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELDBright-field microscopy / Nominal defocus max: 26000 nm / Nominal defocus min: 10000 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 50 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k)

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Processing

SoftwareName: PHENIX / Version: 1.19.2_4158: / Classification: refinement
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.09 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 550035 / Symmetry type: POINT
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.0148348
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.82311340
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d14.2133008
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.0981350
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0051378

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