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- PDB-8axx: Expanded Coxsackievirus A9 after treatment with endosomal ionic buffer -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 8axx
TitleExpanded Coxsackievirus A9 after treatment with endosomal ionic buffer
Components
  • Capsid protein VP1
  • Capsid protein VP2
  • Capsid protein VP3
KeywordsVIRUS / icosahedral symmetry / expanded virion / picornavirus / A-particle
Function / homology
Function and homology information


symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of RIG-I activity / picornain 2A / symbiont-mediated suppression of host mRNA export from nucleus / symbiont genome entry into host cell via pore formation in plasma membrane / picornain 3C / T=pseudo3 icosahedral viral capsid / host cell cytoplasmic vesicle membrane / endocytosis involved in viral entry into host cell / : / nucleoside-triphosphate phosphatase ...symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of RIG-I activity / picornain 2A / symbiont-mediated suppression of host mRNA export from nucleus / symbiont genome entry into host cell via pore formation in plasma membrane / picornain 3C / T=pseudo3 icosahedral viral capsid / host cell cytoplasmic vesicle membrane / endocytosis involved in viral entry into host cell / : / nucleoside-triphosphate phosphatase / protein complex oligomerization / monoatomic ion channel activity / RNA helicase activity / DNA replication / induction by virus of host autophagy / RNA-directed RNA polymerase / symbiont-mediated suppression of host gene expression / viral RNA genome replication / cysteine-type endopeptidase activity / RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity / DNA-templated transcription / host cell nucleus / virion attachment to host cell / structural molecule activity / ATP hydrolysis activity / proteolysis / RNA binding / ATP binding / membrane / metal ion binding
Similarity search - Function
Picornavirus coat protein VP4 superfamily / Poliovirus 3A protein-like / Poliovirus 3A protein like / Picornavirus 2B protein / Poliovirus core protein 3a, soluble domain / Picornavirus 2B protein / Peptidase C3, picornavirus core protein 2A / Picornavirus core protein 2A / Picornavirus coat protein VP4 / Picornavirus coat protein (VP4) ...Picornavirus coat protein VP4 superfamily / Poliovirus 3A protein-like / Poliovirus 3A protein like / Picornavirus 2B protein / Poliovirus core protein 3a, soluble domain / Picornavirus 2B protein / Peptidase C3, picornavirus core protein 2A / Picornavirus core protein 2A / Picornavirus coat protein VP4 / Picornavirus coat protein (VP4) / Picornavirales 3C/3C-like protease domain / Picornavirales 3C/3C-like protease domain profile. / Peptidase C3A/C3B, picornaviral / 3C cysteine protease (picornain 3C) / Picornavirus capsid / picornavirus capsid protein / Helicase, superfamily 3, single-stranded RNA virus / Superfamily 3 helicase of positive ssRNA viruses domain profile. / Helicase, superfamily 3, single-stranded DNA/RNA virus / RNA helicase / Picornavirus/Calicivirus coat protein / Viral coat protein subunit / RNA-directed RNA polymerase, C-terminal domain / Viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase / Reverse transcriptase/Diguanylate cyclase domain / RNA-directed RNA polymerase, catalytic domain / RdRp of positive ssRNA viruses catalytic domain profile. / ATPases associated with a variety of cellular activities / AAA+ ATPase domain / Peptidase S1, PA clan, chymotrypsin-like fold / Peptidase S1, PA clan / DNA/RNA polymerase superfamily / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Biological speciesHuman coxsackievirus A9
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.3 Å
AuthorsDomanska, A. / Plavec, Z. / Ruokolainen, V. / Loflund, B. / Marjomaki, V.S. / Butcher, S.J.
Funding support Finland, 4items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Academy of Finland315950 Finland
Academy of Finland336471 Finland
Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation Finland
Sigrid Juselius Foundation95-7202-38 Finland
Citation
Journal: J Virol / Year: 2022
Title: Structural Studies Reveal that Endosomal Cations Promote Formation of Infectious Coxsackievirus A9 A-Particles, Facilitating RNA and VP4 Release.
Authors: Aušra Domanska / Zlatka Plavec / Visa Ruokolainen / Benita Löflund / Varpu Marjomäki / Sarah J Butcher /
Abstract: Coxsackievirus A9 (CVA9), an enterovirus, is a common cause of pediatric aseptic meningitis and neonatal sepsis. During cell entry, enterovirus capsids undergo conformational changes leading to ...Coxsackievirus A9 (CVA9), an enterovirus, is a common cause of pediatric aseptic meningitis and neonatal sepsis. During cell entry, enterovirus capsids undergo conformational changes leading to expansion, formation of large pores, externalization of VP1 N termini, and loss of the lipid factor from VP1. Factors such as receptor binding, heat, and acidic pH can trigger capsid expansion in some enteroviruses. Here, we show that fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin or neutral endosomal ionic conditions can independently prime CVA9 for expansion and genome release. Our results showed that CVA9 treatment with albumin or endosomal ions generated a heterogeneous population of virions, which could be physically separated by asymmetric flow field flow fractionation and computationally by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and image processing. We report cryo-EM structures of CVA9 A-particles obtained by albumin or endosomal ion treatment and a control nonexpanded virion to 3.5, 3.3, and 2.9 Å resolution, respectively. Whereas albumin promoted stable expanded virions, the endosomal ionic concentrations induced unstable CVA9 virions which easily disintegrated, losing their genome. Loss of most of the VP4 molecules and exposure of negatively charged amino acid residues in the capsid's interior after expansion created a repulsive viral RNA-capsid interface, aiding genome release. Coxsackievirus A9 (CVA9) is a common cause of meningitis and neonatal sepsis. The triggers and mode of action of RNA release into the cell unusually do not require receptor interaction. Rather, a slow process in the endosome, independent of low pH, is required. Here, we show by biophysical separation, cryogenic electron microscopy, and image reconstruction that albumin and buffers mimicking the endosomal ion composition can separately and together expand and prime CVA9 for uncoating. Furthermore, we show in these expanded particles that VP4 is present at only ~10% of the occupancy found in the virion, VP1 is externalized, and the genome is repelled by the negatively charged, repulsive inner surface of the capsid that occurs due to the expansion. Thus, we can now link observations from cell biology of infection with the physical processes that occur in the capsid to promote genome uncoating.
#1: Journal: Protein Sci / Year: 2018
Title: UCSF ChimeraX: Meeting modern challenges in visualization and analysis.
Authors: Thomas D Goddard / Conrad C Huang / Elaine C Meng / Eric F Pettersen / Gregory S Couch / John H Morris / Thomas E Ferrin /
Abstract: UCSF ChimeraX is next-generation software for the visualization and analysis of molecular structures, density maps, 3D microscopy, and associated data. It addresses challenges in the size, scope, and ...UCSF ChimeraX is next-generation software for the visualization and analysis of molecular structures, density maps, 3D microscopy, and associated data. It addresses challenges in the size, scope, and disparate types of data attendant with cutting-edge experimental methods, while providing advanced options for high-quality rendering (interactive ambient occlusion, reliable molecular surface calculations, etc.) and professional approaches to software design and distribution. This article highlights some specific advances in the areas of visualization and usability, performance, and extensibility. ChimeraX is free for noncommercial use and is available from http://www.rbvi.ucsf.edu/chimerax/ for Windows, Mac, and Linux.
History
DepositionSep 1, 2022Deposition site: PDBE / Processing site: PDBE
Revision 1.0Oct 19, 2022Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.1Feb 1, 2023Group: Database references / Refinement description
Category: citation / citation_author ...citation / citation_author / pdbx_initial_refinement_model / pdbx_related_exp_data_set
Item: _citation.country / _citation.journal_abbrev ..._citation.country / _citation.journal_abbrev / _citation.journal_id_ASTM / _citation.journal_id_CSD / _citation.journal_id_ISSN / _citation.journal_volume / _citation.page_first / _citation.page_last / _citation.pdbx_database_id_DOI / _citation.pdbx_database_id_PubMed / _citation.title / _citation.year / _citation_author.identifier_ORCID / _citation_author.name

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Capsid protein VP1
B: Capsid protein VP2
C: Capsid protein VP3


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)89,0903
Polymers89,0903
Non-polymers00
Water0
1
A: Capsid protein VP1
B: Capsid protein VP2
C: Capsid protein VP3
x 60


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)5,345,377180
Polymers5,345,377180
Non-polymers00
Water0
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1
point symmetry operation59

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Components

#1: Protein Capsid protein VP1 /


Mass: 33869.020 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Human coxsackievirus A9 (strain Griggs) / Strain: Griggs / References: UniProt: P21404
#2: Protein Capsid protein VP2 /


Mass: 28885.518 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Human coxsackievirus A9 (strain Griggs) / Strain: Griggs / References: UniProt: P21404
#3: Protein Capsid protein VP3 /


Mass: 26335.072 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Human coxsackievirus A9 (strain Griggs) / Strain: Griggs / References: UniProt: P21404
Has ligand of interestN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Coxsackievirus A9 / Type: VIRUS
Details: native purified CVA9 was treated for 3h at 37 C with endosomal ion composition buffer
Entity ID: all / Source: NATURAL
Molecular weightValue: 8 MDa / Experimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Coxsackievirus A9
Details of virusEmpty: NO / Enveloped: NO / Isolate: STRAIN / Type: VIRION
Natural hostOrganism: Homo sapiens
Virus shellName: icosahedralIcosahedron / Diameter: 300 nm / Triangulation number (T number): 1
Buffer solutionpH: 7.25
Details: endosomal ionic composition buffer, pH 7.25, incubated at 37 C for 3 h 20 mM NaCl, 6 mM KH2PO4, 12 mM K2HPO4, 0.5 mM MgCl2, 0.45 mM CaCl2
SpecimenConc.: 0.1 mg/ml / Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES / Details: this sample was monodisperse
Specimen supportGrid material: COPPER / Grid mesh size: 300 divisions/in. / Grid type: Quantifoil
VitrificationInstrument: HOMEMADE PLUNGER / Cryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Talos Arctica / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TALOS ARCTICA
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 200 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELDBright-field microscopy / Nominal magnification: 120000 X / Nominal defocus max: 1800 nm / Nominal defocus min: 600 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 30 e/Å2 / Detector mode: COUNTING / Film or detector model: FEI FALCON III (4k x 4k)

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Processing

SoftwareName: UCSF ChimeraX / Version: 1.3/v9 / Classification: model building / URL: https://www.rbvi.ucsf.edu/chimerax/ / Os: Windows / Type: package
EM software
IDNameVersionCategoryDetails
1Xmipp3particle selection2-step
2EPUimage acquisition
4CTFFIND4CTF correction
7UCSF Chimera1.15rcmodel fitting
9Coot0.9.2model refinement
10RELION2initial Euler assignment
11RELION3final Euler assignment
12RELION3classification
13RELION33D reconstruction
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Particle selectionNum. of particles selected: 9702
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.3 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 8540 / Symmetry type: POINT
Atomic model buildingProtocol: FLEXIBLE FIT / Space: REAL
Atomic model buildingPDB-ID: 1D4M

1d4m

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