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- PDB-22ib: CryoEM structure of Human LonP1-TFAM complex -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 22ib
TitleCryoEM structure of Human LonP1-TFAM complex
Components
  • Lon protease homolog, mitochondrial
  • TFAM substrate
KeywordsSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN / Human Lon protease / Complex
Function / homology
Function and homology information


oxidation-dependent protein catabolic process / response to aluminum ion / PH domain binding / endopeptidase La / mitochondrial protein catabolic process / G-quadruplex DNA binding / ATP-dependent peptidase activity / protein quality control for misfolded or incompletely synthesized proteins / mitochondrial nucleoid / insulin receptor substrate binding ...oxidation-dependent protein catabolic process / response to aluminum ion / PH domain binding / endopeptidase La / mitochondrial protein catabolic process / G-quadruplex DNA binding / ATP-dependent peptidase activity / protein quality control for misfolded or incompletely synthesized proteins / mitochondrial nucleoid / insulin receptor substrate binding / Mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) / chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly / DNA polymerase binding / response to hormone / negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway / Mitochondrial protein degradation / : / mitochondrion organization / ADP binding / single-stranded DNA binding / cellular response to oxidative stress / sequence-specific DNA binding / response to hypoxia / single-stranded RNA binding / mitochondrial matrix / serine-type endopeptidase activity / ATP hydrolysis activity / mitochondrion / nucleoplasm / ATP binding / membrane / identical protein binding / cytosol
Similarity search - Function
Lon protease homologue, chloroplastic/mitochondrial / : / Lon protease, bacterial/eukaryotic-type / Lon protease AAA+ ATPase lid domain / Peptidase S16, active site / ATP-dependent serine proteases, lon family, serine active site. / Lon proteolytic domain profile. / Peptidase S16, Lon proteolytic domain / Lon protease / Lon protease (S16) C-terminal proteolytic domain ...Lon protease homologue, chloroplastic/mitochondrial / : / Lon protease, bacterial/eukaryotic-type / Lon protease AAA+ ATPase lid domain / Peptidase S16, active site / ATP-dependent serine proteases, lon family, serine active site. / Lon proteolytic domain profile. / Peptidase S16, Lon proteolytic domain / Lon protease / Lon protease (S16) C-terminal proteolytic domain / Lon N-terminal domain profile. / Lon protease, N-terminal domain / Lon protease, N-terminal domain superfamily / ATP-dependent protease La (LON) substrate-binding domain / Found in ATP-dependent protease La (LON) / PUA-like superfamily / ATPase family associated with various cellular activities (AAA) / ATPase, AAA-type, core / Ribosomal protein S5 domain 2-type fold, subgroup / Ribosomal protein S5 domain 2-type fold / ATPases associated with a variety of cellular activities / AAA+ ATPase domain / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE / PHOSPHOTHIOPHOSPHORIC ACID-ADENYLATE ESTER / Lon protease homolog, mitochondrial
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.22 Å
AuthorsLi, M. / Liu, H. / Zhang, K. / Li, S.
Funding support China, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Other government China
CitationJournal: Life (Basel) / Year: 2026
Title: Structural Analysis of Human LonP1 Protease Bound with the Native Substrate.
Authors: Ming Li / Hongwei Liu / Shengchun Zhang / Qijun Gao / Shanshan Li / Junfeng Wang / Kaiming Zhang /
Abstract: The human mitochondrial Lon protease (LonP1) is a central regulator of mitochondrial DNA copy number and metabolic reprogramming. However, the structural basis for how LonP1 recognizes native ...The human mitochondrial Lon protease (LonP1) is a central regulator of mitochondrial DNA copy number and metabolic reprogramming. However, the structural basis for how LonP1 recognizes native physiological substrates remains elusive. Here, we present the high-resolution cryo-EM structure of the human LonP1 hexamer actively engaging its native substrate, TFAM. The reconstruction reveals a distinct bipartite search-and-shred mechanism. Unlike its bacterial homologs, the human N-terminal domain (NTD) adopts a compact architecture acting as a selective vestibule to recruit and initially unfold the substrate tertiary structure. Subsequently, the polypeptide is threaded through the central channel via a hand-over-hand mechanism driven by a spiral array of aromatic pore-loops. This structural framework provides a mechanistic rationale for the spatial segregation of LonP1 and offers a template for targeting mitochondrial proteostasis in human diseases.
History
DepositionJan 12, 2026Deposition site: PDBJ / Processing site: PDBC
Revision 1.0Apr 22, 2026Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 22, 2026Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 22, 2026Data content type: FSC / Data content type: FSC / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 22, 2026Data content type: Half map / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 22, 2026Data content type: Half map / Part number: 2 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 22, 2026Data content type: Image / Data content type: Image / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 22, 2026Data content type: Primary map / Data content type: Primary map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Lon protease homolog, mitochondrial
B: Lon protease homolog, mitochondrial
C: Lon protease homolog, mitochondrial
D: Lon protease homolog, mitochondrial
E: Lon protease homolog, mitochondrial
F: Lon protease homolog, mitochondrial
G: TFAM substrate
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)397,96014
Polymers395,4877
Non-polymers2,4737
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

#1: Protein
Lon protease homolog, mitochondrial / LONHs / Lon protease-like protein / LONP / Mitochondrial ATP-dependent protease Lon / Serine protease 15


Mass: 65514.312 Da / Num. of mol.: 6
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: LONP1, PRSS15 / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P36776, endopeptidase La
#2: Protein/peptide TFAM substrate


Mass: 2400.951 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
#3: Chemical ChemComp-AGS / PHOSPHOTHIOPHOSPHORIC ACID-ADENYLATE ESTER / ATP-GAMMA-S / ADENOSINE 5'-(3-THIOTRIPHOSPHATE) / ADENOSINE 5'-(GAMMA-THIOTRIPHOSPHATE) / ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE MONOTHIOPHOSPHATE


Mass: 523.247 Da / Num. of mol.: 3 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C10H16N5O12P3S / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION / Comment: ATP-gamma-S, energy-carrying molecule analogue*YM
#4: Chemical ChemComp-ADP / ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE


Mass: 427.201 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C10H15N5O10P2 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION / Comment: ADP, energy-carrying molecule*YM
#5: Chemical ChemComp-MG / MAGNESIUM ION


Mass: 24.305 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Mg / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Human LonP1 protease with TFAM / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#2 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5
SpecimenConc.: 0.3 mg/ml / Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 3000 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1800 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 45 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k)

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Processing

EM software
IDNameVersionCategory
1cryoSPARC4.7particle selection
2PHENIX1.20.1_4487model refinement
13cryoSPARC4.73D reconstruction
CTF correctionType: NONE
Particle selectionNum. of particles selected: 429368
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.22 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 99919 / Symmetry type: POINT
RefinementHighest resolution: 3.22 Å
Stereochemistry target values: REAL-SPACE (WEIGHTED MAP SUM AT ATOM CENTERS)
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.00328248
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.44738190
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d5.2823874
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.0374364
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0034901

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