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- EMDB-81947: LEN-unbound HIV-1 capsid lattice within VLPs treated with PFO, C6... -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-81947
TitleLEN-unbound HIV-1 capsid lattice within VLPs treated with PFO, C6 symmetry
Map data
Sample
  • Complex: HIV-1 capsid lattice
    • Protein or peptide: Capsid protein p24
Keywordscomplex / VIRAL PROTEIN
Function / homology
Function and homology information


viral budding via host ESCRT complex / host multivesicular body / ISG15 antiviral mechanism / viral nucleocapsid / viral translational frameshifting / host cell nucleus / host cell plasma membrane / virion membrane / structural molecule activity / RNA binding / zinc ion binding
Similarity search - Function
Gag protein p6 / Gag protein p6 / : / gag protein p24 N-terminal domain / Immunodeficiency lentiviral matrix, N-terminal / gag gene protein p17 (matrix protein) / Matrix protein, lentiviral and alpha-retroviral, N-terminal / Retroviral nucleocapsid Gag protein p24, C-terminal domain / Gag protein p24 C-terminal domain / Retrovirus capsid, C-terminal ...Gag protein p6 / Gag protein p6 / : / gag protein p24 N-terminal domain / Immunodeficiency lentiviral matrix, N-terminal / gag gene protein p17 (matrix protein) / Matrix protein, lentiviral and alpha-retroviral, N-terminal / Retroviral nucleocapsid Gag protein p24, C-terminal domain / Gag protein p24 C-terminal domain / Retrovirus capsid, C-terminal / Retroviral matrix protein / Retrovirus capsid, N-terminal / zinc finger / Zinc knuckle / Zinc finger, CCHC-type superfamily / Zinc finger, CCHC-type / Zinc finger CCHC-type profile.
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Biological speciesHuman immunodeficiency virus 1
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.42 Å
AuthorsTanaka H / Machida S
Funding support Japan, 12 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)JP25fk0410078 Japan
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)JP25fk0310547 Japan
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)JP25fk0310530 Japan
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)JP25fk0310527 Japan
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)JP25K02504 Japan
Other government22T003 Japan
Other government23A1017 Japan
Other government25A1014 Japan
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)JP22ama121037 Japan
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)JP243fa627005 Japan
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)JP20H05873 Japan
Other government26A1005 Japan
CitationJournal: Nat Commun / Year: 2026
Title: Structural basis of lenacapavir-induced HIV-1 capsid defects during virion maturation.
Authors: Hiroki Tanaka / Reina Morita / Tomomasa Oka / Minoru Fukushima / Shunsuke Kita / Mina Sasaki / Katsumi Maenaka / Shinichi Machida /
Abstract: Long-acting lenacapavir (LEN) has emerged as a highly effective, potentially game-changing therapy for HIV treatment and prevention. Its mechanism of action in the early phase of HIV-1 replication, ...Long-acting lenacapavir (LEN) has emerged as a highly effective, potentially game-changing therapy for HIV treatment and prevention. Its mechanism of action in the early phase of HIV-1 replication, when the capsid directs key post-entry steps such as reverse transcription, nuclear import, and integration, has been well characterized. In contrast, its effects during the late phase of replication, when the capsid assembles and matures within budding virions, remain poorly understood. Here, we determine the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the mature HIV-1 capsid lattice assembled within virus-like particles in the presence of LEN. Our structural analyses reveal that LEN alters interhexamer interactions, perturbs the capsid lattice curvature, and thereby prevents the formation of a functional cone-shaped capsid. Biochemical analyses further demonstrate that LEN-containing cores lose reverse transcriptase because of compromised capsid integrity, whereas integrase and viral RNA remain associated. Functionally, viruses produced in the presence of LEN exhibit markedly reduced infectivity, low reverse transcription activity, and poor integration. Taken together, these findings provide mechanistic insights into the late-phase action of LEN and provide key directions for the design of future inhibitors.
History
DepositionJul 6, 2026-
Header (metadata) releaseOct 7, 2026-
Map releaseOct 7, 2026-
UpdateOct 7, 2026-
Current statusOct 7, 2026Processing site: PDBj / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Supplemental images

emd_81947.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_81947.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 75.1 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
Brightness
Contrast
Others
AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
1.2 Å/pix.
x 270 pix.
= 324. Å		1.2 Å/pix.
x 270 pix.
= 324. Å		1.2 Å/pix.
x 270 pix.
= 324. Å

Surface

Projections

Slices (1/3)

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Slices (2/3)

Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 1.2 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.05
Minimum - Maximum-0.06050801 - 0.1702051
Average (Standard dev.)0.0018559403 (±0.0075184167)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions270270270
Spacing270270270
CellA=B=C: 324.0 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

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Supplemental data

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Half map: #2

Fileemd_81947_half_map_1.map
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

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Slices (1/2)
Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Half map: #1

Fileemd_81947_half_map_2.map
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

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Histogram (log scale)

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Sample components

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Entire : HIV-1 capsid lattice

EntireName: HIV-1 capsid lattice
Components
  • Complex: HIV-1 capsid lattice
    • Protein or peptide: Capsid protein p24

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Supramolecule #1: HIV-1 capsid lattice

SupramoleculeName: HIV-1 capsid lattice / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: all
Source (natural)Organism: Human immunodeficiency virus 1

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Macromolecule #1: Capsid protein p24

MacromoleculeName: Capsid protein p24 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 6 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Human immunodeficiency virus 1
Molecular weightTheoretical: 25.6164 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Homo sapiens (human)
SequenceString: PIVQNIQGQM VHQAISPRTL NAWVKVVEEK AFSPEVIPMF SALSEGATPQ DLNTMLNTVG GHQAAMQMLK ETINEEAAEW DRVHPVHAG PIAPGQMREP RGSDIAGTTS TLQEQIGWMT HNPPIPVGEI YKRWIILGLN KIVRMYSPTS ILDIRQGPKE P FRDYVDRF ...String:
PIVQNIQGQM VHQAISPRTL NAWVKVVEEK AFSPEVIPMF SALSEGATPQ DLNTMLNTVG GHQAAMQMLK ETINEEAAEW DRVHPVHAG PIAPGQMREP RGSDIAGTTS TLQEQIGWMT HNPPIPVGEI YKRWIILGLN KIVRMYSPTS ILDIRQGPKE P FRDYVDRF YKTLRAEQAS QEVKNWMTET LLVQNANPDC KTILKALGPG ATLEEMMTAC QGVGGPGHKA RVL

UniProtKB: Gag polyprotein

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

BufferpH: 7.5
GridModel: Quantifoil R2/2 / Material: COPPER / Mesh: 200 / Pretreatment - Type: GLOW DISCHARGE
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE / Chamber humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 291 K / Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeTFS KRIOS
Specialist opticsEnergy filter - Name: TFS Selectris / Energy filter - Slit width: 10 eV
Image recordingFilm or detector model: TFS FALCON 4i (4k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 48.4 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2.4 µm / Nominal defocus min: 0.8 µm / Nominal magnification: 105000
Sample stageSpecimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER / Cooling holder cryogen: NITROGEN
Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Startup modelType of model: INSILICO MODEL / In silico model: Ab-Initio Reconstruction
Final reconstructionApplied symmetry - Point group: C6 (6 fold cyclic) / Resolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 3.42 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Software - Name: cryoSPARC / Number images used: 170659
Initial angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD
Final angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD

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Atomic model buiding 1

Initial modelPDB ID:

4xfx


Chain - Source name: PDB / Chain - Initial model type: experimental model
RefinementSpace: REAL / Protocol: RIGID BODY FIT
Output model

PDB-43ko:
LEN-unbound HIV-1 capsid lattice within VLPs treated with PFO, C6 symmetry

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