Journal: Biochem Biophys Res Commun / Year: 2026 Title: Structural insights into the ligand and G protein recognition by P2YR. Authors: Hidetaka S Oshima / Hiroaki Akasaka / Fumiya K Sano / Osamu Nureki / Abstract: P2Y purinergic receptors are GPCRs that recognize extracellular nucleotides to mediate diverse physiological processes. Among 12-like subfamily members, P2YR has well-documented roles in ...P2Y purinergic receptors are GPCRs that recognize extracellular nucleotides to mediate diverse physiological processes. Among 12-like subfamily members, P2YR has well-documented roles in neuroprotection and cholesterol metabolism. Notably, P2YR displays robust activity toward the G pathway in addition to its canonical G coupling, yet the structural basis for its ligand recognition and G protein selectivity has remained unclear. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of the P2YR-G complex bound to ADP at a resolution of 2.83 Å. The structure reveals the distinctive ligand recognition mechanism of P2YR, in which an N-terminal arginine caps the orthosteric binding pocket. Furthermore, we also elucidated the structure of P2YR, which shows the lowest G activation ability among the 12-like P2Y receptors, in complex with UDP and G at a resolution of 2.93 Å. Structural comparison with the 12-like P2Y receptors implicates ICL2-mediated contacts with the Gα hydrophobic cavity as a key structural determinant of G selectivity. Together, these findings provide mechanistic insights into nucleotide signaling and a structural foundation for advancing structure-based approaches to targeting the 12-like P2Y receptors.
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