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- EMDB-64078: Cryo-EM structure of SARS-CoV-2 KP.2 spike in complex with ACE2 -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-64078
TitleCryo-EM structure of SARS-CoV-2 KP.2 spike in complex with ACE2
Map data
Sample
  • Complex: KP.2 spike in complex with ACE2
    • Protein or peptide: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
    • Protein or peptide: Spike glycoprotein
KeywordsSpike and ACE2 complex / Viral protein/Hydrolase / VIRAL PROTEIN-HYDROLASE complex
Function / homology
Function and homology information


positive regulation of amino acid transport / angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 / positive regulation of L-proline import across plasma membrane / Hydrolases; Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases); Metallocarboxypeptidases / angiotensin-mediated drinking behavior / positive regulation of gap junction assembly / regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin / tryptophan transport / regulation of cardiac conduction / maternal process involved in female pregnancy ...positive regulation of amino acid transport / angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 / positive regulation of L-proline import across plasma membrane / Hydrolases; Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases); Metallocarboxypeptidases / angiotensin-mediated drinking behavior / positive regulation of gap junction assembly / regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin / tryptophan transport / regulation of cardiac conduction / maternal process involved in female pregnancy / peptidyl-dipeptidase activity / regulation of vasoconstriction / transporter activator activity / Metabolism of Angiotensinogen to Angiotensins / carboxypeptidase activity / angiotensin maturation / viral life cycle / Attachment and Entry / receptor-mediated endocytosis of virus by host cell / metallocarboxypeptidase activity / positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction / regulation of cytokine production / blood vessel diameter maintenance / negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation / brush border membrane / negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade / positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process / metallopeptidase activity / endocytic vesicle membrane / regulation of cell population proliferation / virus receptor activity / regulation of inflammatory response / endopeptidase activity / viral translation / Induction of Cell-Cell Fusion / Potential therapeutics for SARS / membrane fusion / entry receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell / Attachment and Entry / receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell / cilium / apical plasma membrane / membrane raft / endoplasmic reticulum lumen / symbiont entry into host cell / cell surface / negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II / extracellular space / extracellular exosome / extracellular region / zinc ion binding / identical protein binding / membrane / plasma membrane
Similarity search - Function
Collectrin domain / Renal amino acid transporter / Collectrin-like domain profile. / Peptidase M2, peptidyl-dipeptidase A / Angiotensin-converting enzyme / Peptidase family M2 domain profile. / Neutral zinc metallopeptidases, zinc-binding region signature.
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 / Homo sapiens (human)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.27 Å
AuthorsJin XH / Sun L
Funding support China, 1 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)92469108 China
CitationJournal: Nat Commun / Year: 2025
Title: Pathogenicity, virological features, and immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2 JN.1-derived variants including JN.1.7, KP.2, KP.3, and KP.3.1.1.
Authors: Jialu Shi / Xiaoyu Zhao / Xiaohui Jin / Jiayan Li / Yuanchen Liu / Huan Liu / Ye-Fan Hu / Zhe Chen / Yuxin Xiao / Lei Wang / Yajie Wang / Yixin He / Yue Chai / Bingjie Hu / Huiping Shuai / ...Authors: Jialu Shi / Xiaoyu Zhao / Xiaohui Jin / Jiayan Li / Yuanchen Liu / Huan Liu / Ye-Fan Hu / Zhe Chen / Yuxin Xiao / Lei Wang / Yajie Wang / Yixin He / Yue Chai / Bingjie Hu / Huiping Shuai / Yang Wang / Xiangnan Li / Shujun Jiang / Yanliang Zhang / Xiaojuan Zhang / Wan-Mui Chan / Lin-Lei Chen / Jian-Piao Cai / Baokun Sui / Honglei Zhang / Dong Yang / Longchao Zhu / Shuofeng Yuan / Jie Zhou / Jian-Dong Huang / Kwok-Yung Yuen / Kelvin Kai-Wang To / Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan / Bao-Zhong Zhang / Qiao Wang / Maozhou He / Lei Sun / Pengfei Wang / Hin Chu /
Abstract: KP.3.1.1 became a dominant successor to JN.1 by the second half of 2024 but the intrinsic pathogenicity and virological feature of KP.3.1.1 remain incompletely understood. Here, we comprehensively ...KP.3.1.1 became a dominant successor to JN.1 by the second half of 2024 but the intrinsic pathogenicity and virological feature of KP.3.1.1 remain incompletely understood. Here, we comprehensively evaluated the pathogenesis and characteristics of KP.3.1.1 in comparison to JN.1 and other JN.1-derived variants including JN.1.7, KP.2, and KP.3. The unique S31del mutation on KP.3.1.1 spike confers further evasion to the clinically authorized mAb Pemivibart and reduces convalescent serum neutralization efficiency. Structural analysis indicates that S31del induces novel glycosylation sites that facilitates evasion of neutralizing antibodies. We further reveal that S31del significantly enhances pseudovirus entry efficiency in all evaluated cell types including the human primary nasal epithelial cells. Nevertheless, the intrinsic pathogenicity of KP.3.1.1 is similar to JN.1 and KP.3, and higher than that of JN.1.7 and KP.2 in a male hamster model. Interestingly, the increased virus infectivity conferred by S31del in KP.3.1.1 spike is counterbalanced by the NSP10 S33C mutation. Overall, our study indicates that a single spike mutation can confer both enhanced immune escape and increased viral infectivity. The opposing effects of spike and non-spike mutations highlight the complex interplay of viral genomic elements in shaping their overall fitness, and reveal the high plasticity of coronavirus evolution.
History
DepositionApr 8, 2025-
Header (metadata) releaseDec 24, 2025-
Map releaseDec 24, 2025-
UpdateDec 24, 2025-
Current statusDec 24, 2025Processing site: PDBc / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Supplemental images

emd_64078.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_64078.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 244.1 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
Brightness
Contrast
Others
AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
0.93 Å/pix.
x 400 pix.
= 372.8 Å		0.93 Å/pix.
x 400 pix.
= 372.8 Å		0.93 Å/pix.
x 400 pix.
= 372.8 Å

Surface

Projections

Slices (1/3)

Slices (1/2)

Slices (2/3)

Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 0.932 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.1
Minimum - Maximum-0.22735792 - 26.116402000000001
Average (Standard dev.)-0.014616122 (±0.5075063)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions400400400
Spacing400400400
CellA=B=C: 372.8 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

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Supplemental data

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Half map: #1

Fileemd_64078_half_map_1.map
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

Projections

Slices (1/2)
Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Half map: #2

Fileemd_64078_half_map_2.map
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

Projections

Slices (1/2)
Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Sample components

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Entire : KP.2 spike in complex with ACE2

EntireName: KP.2 spike in complex with ACE2
Components
  • Complex: KP.2 spike in complex with ACE2
    • Protein or peptide: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
    • Protein or peptide: Spike glycoprotein

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Supramolecule #1: KP.2 spike in complex with ACE2

SupramoleculeName: KP.2 spike in complex with ACE2 / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: all
Source (natural)Organism: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

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Macromolecule #1: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2

MacromoleculeName: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 3 / Enantiomer: LEVO / EC number: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 72.989047 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Homo sapiens (human)
SequenceString: MSSSSWLLLS LVAVTAAQST IEEQAKTFLD KFNHEAEDLF YQSSLASWNY NTNITEENVQ NMNNAGDKWS AFLKEQSTLA QMYPLQEIQ NLTVKLQLQA LQQNGSSVLS EDKSKRLNTI LNTMSTIYST GKVCNPDNPQ ECLLLEPGLN EIMANSLDYN E RLWAWESW ...String:
MSSSSWLLLS LVAVTAAQST IEEQAKTFLD KFNHEAEDLF YQSSLASWNY NTNITEENVQ NMNNAGDKWS AFLKEQSTLA QMYPLQEIQ NLTVKLQLQA LQQNGSSVLS EDKSKRLNTI LNTMSTIYST GKVCNPDNPQ ECLLLEPGLN EIMANSLDYN E RLWAWESW RSEVGKQLRP LYEEYVVLKN EMARANHYED YGDYWRGDYE VNGVDGYDYS RGQLIEDVEH TFEEIKPLYE HL HAYVRAK LMNAYPSYIS PIGCLPAHLL GDMWGRFWTN LYSLTVPFGQ KPNIDVTDAM VDQAWDAQRI FKEAEKFFVS VGL PNMTQG FWENSMLTDP GNVQKAVCHP TAWDLGKGDF RILMCTKVTM DDFLTAHHEM GHIQYDMAYA AQPFLLRNGA NEGF HEAVG EIMSLSAATP KHLKSIGLLS PDFQEDNETE INFLLKQALT IVGTLPFTYM LEKWRWMVFK GEIPKDQWMK KWWEM KREI VGVVEPVPHD ETYCDPASLF HVSNDYSFIR YYTRTLYQFQ FQEALCQAAK HEGPLHKCDI SNSTEAGQKL FNMLRL GKS EPWTLALENV VGAKNMNVRP LLNYFEPLFT WLKDQNKNSF VGWSTDWSPY ADLEVLFQGP HHHHHHHH

UniProtKB: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2

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Macromolecule #2: Spike glycoprotein

MacromoleculeName: Spike glycoprotein / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 3 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Molecular weightTheoretical: 144.600156 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Homo sapiens (human)
SequenceString: MPMGSLQPLA TLYLLGMLVA SVLAQCVNLI TTTQSYTNSF TRGVYYPDKV FRSSVLHLTQ DLFLPFFSNV TWFHAISGTN GTKRFDNPV LPFNDGVYFA STEKSNIIRG WIFGTTLDSK TQSLLIVNNA TNFVIKVCEF QFCNDPFLDV YHKNNKSWME S ESGVYSSA ...String:
MPMGSLQPLA TLYLLGMLVA SVLAQCVNLI TTTQSYTNSF TRGVYYPDKV FRSSVLHLTQ DLFLPFFSNV TWFHAISGTN GTKRFDNPV LPFNDGVYFA STEKSNIIRG WIFGTTLDSK TQSLLIVNNA TNFVIKVCEF QFCNDPFLDV YHKNNKSWME S ESGVYSSA NNCTFEYVSQ PFLMDLEGKQ GNFKNLREFV FKNIDGYFKI YSKHTPIIGR DFPQGFSALE PLVDLPIGIN IT RFQTLLA LNRSYLTPGD SSSGWTAGAA DYYVGYLQPR TFLLKYNENG TITDAVDCAL DPLSETKCTL KSFTVEKGIY QTS NFRVQP TESIVRFPNV TNLCPFHEVF NATTFASVYA WNRTRISNCV ADYSVLYNFA PFFAFKCYGV SPTKLNDLCF TNVY ADSFV IKGNEVSQIA PGQTGNIADY NYKLPDDFTG CVIAWNSNKL DSKHSGNYDY WYRSLRKSKL KPFERDISTE IYQAG NKPC KGKGPNCYFP LQSYGFRPTY GVGHQPYRVV VLSFELLHAP ATVCGPKKST NLVKNKCVNF NFNGLTGTGV LTKSNK KFL PFQQFGRDIV DTTDAVRDPQ TLEILDITPC SFGGVSVITP GTNTSNQVAV LYQGVNCTEV SVAIHADQLT PTWRVYS TG SNVFQTRAGC LIGAEYVNNS YECDIPIGAG VCASYQTQTK SRGSASSVAS QSIIAYTMSL GAENSVAYSN NSIAIPTN F TISVTTEILP VSMTKTSVDC TMYICGDSTE CSNLLLQYGS FCTQLKRALT GIAVEQDKNT QEVFAQVKQI YKTPPIKYF GGFNFSQILP DPSKPSKRSP IEDLLFNKVT LADAGFIKQY GDCLGDIAAR DLICAQKFNG LTVLPPLLTD EMIAQYTSAL LAGTITSGW TFGAGPALQI PFPMQMAYRF NGIGVTQNVL YENQKLIANQ FNSAIGKIQD SLFSTPSALG KLQDVVNHNA Q ALNTLVKQ LSSKFGAISS VLNDILSRLD PPEAEVQIDR LITGRLQSLQ TYVTQQLIRA AEIRASANLA ATKMSECVLG QS KRVDFCG KGYHLMSFPQ SAPHGVVFLH VTYVPAQEKN FTTAPAICHD GKAHFPREGV FVSNGTHWFL TQRNFYEPQI ITT DNTFVS GNCDVVIGIV NNTVYDPLQL ELDSFKEELD KYFKNHTSPD VDLGDISGIN ASVVNIQKEI DRLNEVAKNL NESL IDLQE LGKYEQGSGY IPEAPRDGQA YVRKDGEWVF LSTFLSGLEV LFQGPGGWSH PQFEKGGGSG GGSGGSAWSH PQFEK GGSG LNDIFEAQKI EWHEHHHHHH HH

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

BufferpH: 8
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeTFS KRIOS
Image recordingFilm or detector model: FEI FALCON IV (4k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 50.0 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 3.0 µm / Nominal defocus min: 1.0 µm
Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Startup modelType of model: NONE
Final reconstructionApplied symmetry - Point group: C3 (3 fold cyclic) / Resolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 2.27 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 393648
Initial angle assignmentType: PROJECTION MATCHING
Final angle assignmentType: PROJECTION MATCHING

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