Journal: Sci Adv / Year: 2025 Title: RBPseg: Toward a complete phage tail fiber structure atlas. Authors: Victor Klein-Sousa / Aritz Roa-Eguiara / Claudia S Kielkopf / Nicholas Sofos / Nicholas M I Taylor / Abstract: Bacteriophages use receptor-binding proteins (RBPs) to adhere to bacterial hosts, yet their sequence and structural diversity remain poorly understood. Tail fibers, a major class of RBPs, are ...Bacteriophages use receptor-binding proteins (RBPs) to adhere to bacterial hosts, yet their sequence and structural diversity remain poorly understood. Tail fibers, a major class of RBPs, are elongated and flexible trimeric proteins, making their full-length structures difficult to resolve experimentally. Advances in deep learning-based protein structure prediction, such as AlphaFold2-multimer (AF2M) and ESMFold, provide opportunities for studying these challenging proteins. Here, we introduce RBPseg, a method that combines monomeric ESMFold predictions with a structural-based domain identification approach, to divide tail fiber sequences into manageable fractions for high-confidence modeling with AF2M. Using this approach, we generated complete tail fiber models, validated by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy of five fibers from three phages. A structural classification of 67 fibers identified 16 distinct classes and 89 domains, revealing patterns of modularity, convergence, divergence, and domain swapping. Our findings suggest that these structural classes represent at least 24% of the known tail fiber universe, providing key insights into their evolution and functionality.
Name: Escherichia phage EmilHeitz / type: virus / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 Details: Phage was amplified in liquid media by E. Coli MG1655 dRM infection, and purified using PEG precipitation and Opti-Prep Gradient. NCBI-ID: 2852021 / Sci species name: Escherichia phage EmilHeitz / Virus type: VIRION / Virus isolate: SPECIES / Virus enveloped: No / Virus empty: No
Host (natural)
Organism: Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 (bacteria)
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Experimental details
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Structure determination
Method
cryo EM
Processing
single particle reconstruction
Aggregation state
particle
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Sample preparation
Buffer
pH: 7.5 Component:
Concentration
Formula
Name
100.0 mM
NaCl
sodium chloride
8.0 mM
MgCl
magnesium chloride
50.0 mM
Tris-HCl
Tris hydrochloride
Grid
Model: UltrAuFoil R2/2 / Support film - Material: CARBON / Support film - topology: CONTINUOUS / Support film - Film thickness: 0.2
Vitrification
Cryogen name: ETHANE / Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV
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Electron microscopy
Microscope
TFS KRIOS
Image recording
Film or detector model: TFS FALCON 4i (4k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 40.0 e/Å2
Electron beam
Acceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
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