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Open data
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Basic information
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Title | The Structure of ApoB100 from Human Low-Density Lipoprotein | |||||||||
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![]() | apolipoprotein / LIPID BINDING PROTEIN | |||||||||
Function / homology | ![]() mature chylomicron / Scavenging by Class H Receptors / triglyceride mobilization / positive regulation of cholesterol storage / VLDL assembly / regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process / lipase binding / LDL remodeling / Scavenging by Class B Receptors / VLDL clearance ...mature chylomicron / Scavenging by Class H Receptors / triglyceride mobilization / positive regulation of cholesterol storage / VLDL assembly / regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process / lipase binding / LDL remodeling / Scavenging by Class B Receptors / VLDL clearance / triglyceride catabolic process / very-low-density lipoprotein particle assembly / low-density lipoprotein particle clearance / chylomicron remnant / intermediate-density lipoprotein particle / Chylomicron clearance / Chylomicron remodeling / cellular response to lipoprotein particle stimulus / Chylomicron assembly / LDL clearance / Regulation of TLR by endogenous ligand / flagellated sperm motility / positive regulation of lipid storage / chylomicron / lipoprotein catabolic process / low-density lipoprotein particle / lipoprotein biosynthetic process / cholesterol transfer activity / cholesterol transport / very-low-density lipoprotein particle / low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling / positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation / fertilization / cholesterol efflux / artery morphogenesis / lipoprotein transport / Scavenging by Class A Receptors / low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding / Scavenging by Class F Receptors / Platelet sensitization by LDL / endoplasmic reticulum exit site / smooth endoplasmic reticulum / Retinoid metabolism and transport / lipid droplet / endocytic vesicle lumen / cholesterol metabolic process / lysosomal lumen / cholesterol homeostasis / post-embryonic development / endosome lumen / Cell surface interactions at the vascular wall / establishment of localization in cell / Post-translational protein phosphorylation / clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane / Heme signaling / response to virus / phospholipid binding / Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs) / nervous system development / Cargo recognition for clathrin-mediated endocytosis / heparin binding / Clathrin-mediated endocytosis / spermatogenesis / in utero embryonic development / early endosome / endosome membrane / receptor ligand activity / endoplasmic reticulum lumen / neuronal cell body / intracellular membrane-bounded organelle / positive regulation of gene expression / endoplasmic reticulum membrane / extracellular space / extracellular exosome / extracellular region / plasma membrane / cytosol / cytoplasm Similarity search - Function | |||||||||
Biological species | ![]() | |||||||||
Method | single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 9.0 Å | |||||||||
![]() | Berndsen ZT / Cassidy CK | |||||||||
Funding support | 1 items
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![]() | ![]() Title: The structure of apolipoprotein B100 from human low-density lipoprotein. Authors: Zachary T Berndsen / C Keith Cassidy / ![]() Abstract: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has a central role in lipid and cholesterol metabolism and is a key agent in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, the leading cause of mortality worldwide. ...Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has a central role in lipid and cholesterol metabolism and is a key agent in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100), one of the largest proteins in the genome, is the primary structural and functional component of LDL, yet its size and complex lipid associations have posed major challenges for structural studies. Here we present the structure of apoB100 resolved to subnanometre resolution in most regions using an integrative approach of cryo-electron microscopy, AlphaFold2 and molecular-dynamics-based refinement. The structure consists of a large globular N-terminal domain and an approximately 61-nm-long continuous amphipathic β-sheet that wraps around the LDL particle like a belt. Distributed quasi-symmetrically across the two sides of the β-belt are nine strategically located interstrand inserts that extend across the lipid surface to provide additional structural support through a network of long-range interactions. We further compare our structure to a comprehensive list of more than 200 intramolecular cross-links and find close agreement between the two. These results suggest a mechanism for how the various domains of apoB100 act in concert to maintain LDL shape and cohesion across a range of particle sizes. More generally, they advance our fundamental understanding of LDL synthesis, form and function, and will help to accelerate the design of potential therapeutics. | |||||||||
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Structure visualization
Supplemental images |
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Downloads & links
-EMDB archive
Map data | ![]() | 326.8 MB | ![]() | |
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Header (meta data) | ![]() ![]() | 28.3 KB 28.3 KB | Display Display | ![]() |
FSC (resolution estimation) | ![]() | 15.1 KB | Display | ![]() |
Images | ![]() | 73.6 KB | ||
Masks | ![]() | 347.6 MB | ![]() | |
Filedesc metadata | ![]() | 9.6 KB | ||
Others | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | 326.9 MB 327.3 MB 323 MB 323 MB | ||
Archive directory | ![]() ![]() | HTTPS FTP |
-Related structure data
Related structure data | ![]() 9e9rMC ![]() 9ea7MC ![]() 9eagMC M: atomic model generated by this map C: citing same article ( |
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Similar structure data | Similarity search - Function & homology ![]() |
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Links
EMDB pages | ![]() ![]() |
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Related items in Molecule of the Month |
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Map
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Projections & slices | Image control
Images are generated by Spider. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Voxel size | X=Y=Z: 1.09 Å | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Density |
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Symmetry | Space group: 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Details | EMDB XML:
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-Supplemental data
-Mask #1
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-Additional map: #1
File | emd_47801_additional_1.map | ||||||||||||
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Density Histograms |
-Additional map: local refinement of the apoB100 N-terminal domain
File | emd_47801_additional_2.map | ||||||||||||
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Annotation | local refinement of the apoB100 N-terminal domain | ||||||||||||
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Density Histograms |
-Half map: #2
File | emd_47801_half_map_1.map | ||||||||||||
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Projections & Slices |
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Density Histograms |
-Half map: #1
File | emd_47801_half_map_2.map | ||||||||||||
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Density Histograms |
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Sample components
-Entire : apolipoprotein B-100
Entire | Name: apolipoprotein B-100 |
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Components |
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-Supramolecule #1: apolipoprotein B-100
Supramolecule | Name: apolipoprotein B-100 / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: all |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 550 kDa/nm |
-Macromolecule #1: Apolipoprotein B 100
Macromolecule | Name: Apolipoprotein B 100 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 516.167469 KDa |
Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() |
Sequence | String: MDPPRPALLA LLALPALLLL LLAGARAEEE MLENVSLVCP KDATRFKHLR KYTYNYEAES SSGVPGTADS RSATRINCKV ELEVPQLCS FILKTSQCTL KEVYGFNPEG KALLKKTKNS EEFAAAMSRY ELKLAIPEGK QVFLYPEKDE PTYILNIKRG I ISALLVPP ...String: MDPPRPALLA LLALPALLLL LLAGARAEEE MLENVSLVCP KDATRFKHLR KYTYNYEAES SSGVPGTADS RSATRINCKV ELEVPQLCS FILKTSQCTL KEVYGFNPEG KALLKKTKNS EEFAAAMSRY ELKLAIPEGK QVFLYPEKDE PTYILNIKRG I ISALLVPP ETEEAKQVLF LDTVYGNCST HFTVKTRKGN VATEISTERD LGQCDRFKPI RTGISPLALI KGMTRPLSTL IS SSQSCQY TLDAKRKHVA EAICKEQHLF LPFSYKNKYG MVAQVTQTLK LEDTPKINSR FFGEGTKKMG LAFESTKSTS PPK QAEAVL KTLQELKKLT ISEQNIQRAN LFNKLVTELR GLSDEAVTSL LPQLIEVSSP ITLQALVQCG QPQCSTHILQ WLKR VHANP LLIDVVTYLV ALIPEPSAQQ LREIFNMARD QRSRATLYAL SHAVNNYHKT NPTGTQELLD IANYLMEQIQ DDCTG DEDY TYLILRVIGN MGQTMEQLTP ELKSSILKCV QSTKPSLMIQ KAAIQALRKM EPKDKDQEVL LQTFLDDASP GDKRLA AYL MLMRSPSQAD INKIVQILPW EQNEQVKNFV ASHIANILNS EELDIQDLKK LVKEALKESQ LPTVMDFRKF SRNYQLY KS VSLPSLDPAS AKIEGNLIFD PNNYLPKESM LKTTLTAFGF ASADLIEIGL EGKGFEPTLE ALFGKQGFFP DSVNKALY W VNGQVPDGVS KVLVDHFGYT KDDKHEQDMV NGIMLSVEKL IKDLKSKEVP EARAYLRILG EELGFASLHD LQLLGKLLL MGARTLQGIP QMIGEVIRKG SKNDFFLHYI FMENAFELPT GAGLQLQISS SGVIAPGAKA GVKLEVANMQ AELVAKPSVS VEFVTNMGI IIPDFARSGV QMNTNFFHES GLEAHVALKA GKLKFIIPSP KRPVKLLSGG NTLHLVSTTK TEVIPPLIEN R QSWSVCKQ VFPGLNYCTS GAYSNASSTD SASYYPLTGD TRLELELRPT GEIEQYSVSA TYELQREDRA LVDTLKFVTQ AE GAKQTEA TMTFKYNRQS MTLSSEVQIP DFDVDLGTIL RVNDESTEGK TSYRLTLDIQ NKKITEVALM GHLSCDTKEE RKI KGVISI PRLQAEARSE ILAHWSPAKL LLQMDSSATA YGSTVSKRVA WHYDEEKIEF EWNTGTNVDT KKMTSNFPVD LSDY PKSLH MYANRLLDHR VPQTDMTFRH VGSKLIVAMS SWLQKASGSL PYTQTLQDHL NSLKEFNLQN MGLPDFHIPE NLFLK SDGR VKYTLNKNSL KIEIPLPFGG KSSRDLKMLE TVRTPALHFK SVGFHLPSRE FQVPTFTIPK LYQLQVPLLG VLDLST NVY SNLYNWSASY SGGNTSTDHF SLRARYHMKA DSVVDLLSYN VQGSGETTYD HKNTFTLSCD GSLRHKFLDS NIKFSHV EK LGNNPVSKGL LIFDASSSWG PQMSASVHLD SKKKQHLFVK EVKIDGQFRV SSFYAKGTYG LSCQRDPNTG RLNGESNL R FNSSYLQGTN QITGRYEDGT LSLTSTSDLQ SGIIKNTASL KYENYELTLK SDTNGKYKNF ATSNKMDMTF SKQNALLRS EYQADYESLR FFSLLSGSLN SHGLELNADI LGTDKINSGA HKATLRIGQD GISTSATTNL KCSLLVLENE LNAELGLSGA SMKLTTNGR FREHNAKFSL DGKAALTELS LGSAYQAMIL GVDSKNIFNF KVSQEGLKLS NDMMGSYAEM KFDHTNSLNI A GLSLDFSS KLDNIYSSDK FYKQTVNLQL QPYSLVTTLN SDLKYNALDL TNNGKLRLEP LKLHVAGNLK GAYQNNEIKH IY AISSAAL SASYKADTVA KVQGVEFSHR LNTDIAGLAS AIDMSTNYNS DSLHFSNVFR SVMAPFTMTI DAHTNGNGKL ALW GEHTGQ LYSKFLLKAE PLAFTFSHDY KGSTSHHLVS RKSISAALEH KVSALLTPAE QTGTWKLKTQ FNNNEYSQDL DAYN TKDKI GVELTGRTLA DLTLLDSPIK VPLLLSEPIN IIDALEMRDA VEKPQEFTIV AFVKYDKNQD VHSINLPFFE TLQEY FERN RQTIIVVLEN VQRNLKHINI DQFVRKYRAA LGKLPQQAND YLNSFNWERQ VSHAKEKLTA LTKKYRITEN DIQIAL DDA KINFNEKLSQ LQTYMIQFDQ YIKDSYDLHD LKIAIANIID EIIEKLKSLD EHYHIRVNLV KTIHDLHLFI ENIDFNK SG SSTASWIQNV DTKYQIRIQI QEKLQQLKRH IQNIDIQHLA GKLKQHIEAI DVRVLLDQLG TTISFERIND ILEHVKHF V INLIGDFEVA EKINAFRAKV HELIERYEVD QQIQVLMDKL VELAHQYKLK ETIQKLSNVL QQVKIKDYFE KLVGFIDDA VKKLNELSFK TFIEDVNKFL DMLIKKLKSF DYHQFVDETN DKIREVTQRL NGEIQALELP QKAEALKLFL EETKATVAVY LESLQDTKI TLIINWLQEA LSSASLAHMK AKFRETLEDT RDRMYQMDIQ QELQRYLSLV GQVYSTLVTY ISDWWTLAAK N LTDFAEQY SIQDWAKRMK ALVEQGFTVP EIKTILGTMP AFEVSLQALQ KATFQTPDFI VPLTDLRIPS VQINFKDLKN IK IPSRFST PEFTILNTFH IPSFTIDFVE MKVKIIRTID QMLNSELQWP VPDIYLRDLK VEDIPLARIT LPDFRLPEIA IPE FIIPTL NLNDFQVPDL HIPEFQLPHI SHTIEVPTFG KLYSILKIQS PLFTLDANAD IGNGTTSANE AGIAASITAK GESK LEVLN FDFQANAQLS NPKINPLALK ESVKFSSKYL RTEHGSEMLF FGNAIEGKSN TVASLHTEKN TLELSNGVIV KINNQ LTLD SNTKYFHKLN IPKLDFSSQA DLRNEIKTLL KAGHIAWTSS GKGSWKWACP RFSDEGTHES QISFTIEGPL TSFGLS NKI NSKHLRVNQN LVYESGSLNF SKLEIQSQVD SQHVGHSVLT AKGMALFGEG KAEFTGRHDA HLNGKVIGTL KNSLFFS AQ PFEITASTNN EGNLKVRFPL RLTGKIDFLN NYALFLSPSA QQASWQVSAR FNQYKYNQNF SAGNNENIME AHVGINGE A NLDFLNIPLT IPEMRLPYTI ITTPPLKDFS LWEKTGLKEF LKTTKQSFDL SVKAQYKKNK HRHSITNPLA VLCEFISQS IKSFDRHFEK NRNNALDFVT KSYNETKIKF DKYKAEKSHD ELPRTFQIPG YTVPVVNVEV SPFTIEMSAF GYVFPKAVSM PSFSILGSD VRVPSYTLIL PSLELPVLHV PRNLKLSLPD FKELCTISHI FIPAMGNITY DFSFKSSVIT LNTNAELFNQ S DIVAHLLS SSSSVIDALQ YKLEGTTRLT RKRGLKLATA LSLSNKFVEG SHNSTVSLTT KNMEVSVATT TKAQIPILRM NF KQELNGN TKSKPTVSSS MEFKYDFNSS MLYSTAKGAV DHKLSLESLT SYFSIESSTK GDVKGSVLSR EYSGTIASEA NTY LNSKST RSSVKLQGTS KIDDIWNLEV KENFAGEATL QRIYSLWEHS TKNHLQLEGL FFTNGEHTSK ATLELSPWQM SALV QVHAS QPSSFHDFPD LGQEVALNAN TKNQKIRWKN EVRIHSGSFQ SQVELSNDQE KAHLDIAGSL EGHLRFLKNI ILPVY DKSL WDFLKLDVTT SIGRRQHLRV STAFVYTKNP NGYSFSIPVK VLADKFIIPG LKLNDLNSVL VMPTFHVPFT DLQVPS CKL DFREIQIYKK LRTSSFALNL PTLPEVKFPE VDVLTKYSQP EDSLIPFFEI TVPESQLTVS QFTLPKSVSD GIAALDL NA VANKIADFEL PTIIVPEQTI EIPSIKFSVP AGIVIPSFQA LTARFEVDSP VYNATWSASL KNKADYVETV LDSTCSST V QFLEYELNVL GTHKIEDGTL ASKTKGTFAH RDFSAEYEED GKYEGLQEWE GKAHLNIKSP AFTDLHLRYQ KDKKGISTS AASPAVGTVG MDMDEDDDFS KWNFYYSPQS SPDKKLTIFK TELRVRESDE ETQIKVNWEE EAASGLLTSL KDNVPKATGV LYDYVNKYH WEHTGLTLRE VSSKLRRNLQ NNAEWVYQGA IRQIDDIDVR FQKAASGTTG TYQEWKDKAQ NLYQELLTQE G QASFQGLK DNVFDGLVRV TQEFHMKVKH LIDSLIDFLN FPRFQFPGKP GIYTREELCT MFIREVGTVL SQVYSKVHNG SE ILFSYFQ DLVITLPFEL RKHKLIDVIS MYRELLKDLS KEAQEVFKAI QSLKTTEVLR NLQDLLQFIF QLIEDNIKQL KEM KFTYLI NYIQDEINTI FSDYIPYVFK LLKENLCLNL HKFNEFIQNE LQEASQELQQ IHQYIMALRE EYFDPSIVGW TVKY YELEE KIVSLIKNLL VALKDFHSEY IVSASNFTSQ LSSQVEQFLH RNIQEYLSIL TDPDGKGKEK IAELSATAQE IIKSQ AIAT KKIISDYHQQ FRYKLQDFSD QLSDYYEKFI AESKRLIDLS IQNYHTFLIY ITELLKKLQS TTVMNPYMKL APGELT IIL UniProtKB: Apolipoprotein B-100 |
-Experimental details
-Structure determination
Method | cryo EM |
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![]() | single particle reconstruction |
Aggregation state | particle |
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Sample preparation
Concentration | 2 mg/mL |
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Buffer | pH: 7.4 |
Grid | Model: Quantifoil R1.2/1.3 / Material: COPPER / Mesh: 300 / Pretreatment - Type: GLOW DISCHARGE / Pretreatment - Time: 14 sec. |
Vitrification | Cryogen name: ETHANE / Chamber humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277.15 K / Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV |
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Electron microscopy
Microscope | TFS KRIOS |
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Specialist optics | Energy filter - Name: GIF Bioquantum / Energy filter - Slit width: 10 eV |
Image recording | Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 50.0 e/Å2 |
Electron beam | Acceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: ![]() |
Electron optics | C2 aperture diameter: 70.0 µm / Illumination mode: SPOT SCAN / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Cs: 2.7 mm / Nominal defocus max: 2.8000000000000003 µm / Nominal defocus min: 0.8 µm |
Sample stage | Specimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER / Cooling holder cryogen: NITROGEN |
Experimental equipment | ![]() Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company |
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Image processing
-Atomic model buiding 1
Initial model | Chain - Source name: AlphaFold / Chain - Initial model type: in silico model |
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Details | The Molecular Dynamics Flexible Fitting protocol was applied using NAMD 3.0 |
Refinement | Space: REAL / Protocol: FLEXIBLE FIT / Target criteria: cross-correlation coefficient |
Output model | ![]() PDB-9e9r: ![]() PDB-9ea7: ![]() PDB-9eag: |