National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)
GM124451
United States
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NIH/NINDS)
NS137561
United States
Citation
Journal: Nature / Year: 2024 Title: Propofol rescues voltage-dependent gating of HCN1 channel epilepsy mutants. Authors: Elizabeth D Kim / Xiaoan Wu / Sangyun Lee / Gareth R Tibbs / Kevin P Cunningham / Eleonora Di Zanni / Marta E Perez / Peter A Goldstein / Alessio Accardi / H Peter Larsson / Crina M Nimigean / Abstract: Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are essential for pacemaking activity and neural signalling. Drugs inhibiting HCN1 are promising candidates for management of ...Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are essential for pacemaking activity and neural signalling. Drugs inhibiting HCN1 are promising candidates for management of neuropathic pain and epileptic seizures. The general anaesthetic propofol (2,6-di-iso-propylphenol) is a known HCN1 allosteric inhibitor with unknown structural basis. Here, using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and electrophysiology, we show that propofol inhibits HCN1 by binding to a mechanistic hotspot in a groove between the S5 and S6 transmembrane helices. We found that propofol restored voltage-dependent closing in two HCN1 epilepsy-associated polymorphisms that act by destabilizing the channel closed state: M305L, located in the propofol-binding site in S5, and D401H in S6 (refs. ). To understand the mechanism of propofol inhibition and restoration of voltage-gating, we tracked voltage-sensor movement in spHCN channels and found that propofol inhibition is independent of voltage-sensor conformational changes. Mutations at the homologous methionine in spHCN and an adjacent conserved phenylalanine in S6 similarly destabilize closing without disrupting voltage-sensor movements, indicating that voltage-dependent closure requires this interface intact. We propose a model for voltage-dependent gating in which propofol stabilizes coupling between the voltage sensor and pore at this conserved methionine-phenylalanine interface in HCN channels. These findings unlock potential exploitation of this site to design specific drugs targeting HCN channelopathies.
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