Journal: Immunity / Year: 2024 Title: Eliciting a single amino acid change by vaccination generates antibody protection against group 1 and group 2 influenza A viruses. Authors: Rashmi Ray / Faez Amokrane Nait Mohamed / Daniel P Maurer / Jiachen Huang / Berk A Alpay / Larance Ronsard / Zhenfei Xie / Julianna Han / Monica Fernandez-Quintero / Quynh Anh Phan / Rebecca ...Authors: Rashmi Ray / Faez Amokrane Nait Mohamed / Daniel P Maurer / Jiachen Huang / Berk A Alpay / Larance Ronsard / Zhenfei Xie / Julianna Han / Monica Fernandez-Quintero / Quynh Anh Phan / Rebecca L Ursin / Mya Vu / Kathrin H Kirsch / Thavaleak Prum / Victoria C Rosado / Thalia Bracamonte-Moreno / Vintus Okonkwo / Julia Bals / Caitlin McCarthy / Usha Nair / Masaru Kanekiyo / Andrew B Ward / Aaron G Schmidt / Facundo D Batista / Daniel Lingwood / Abstract: Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targeting the hemagglutinin (HA) stem of influenza A viruses (IAVs) tend to be effective against either group 1 or group 2 viral diversity. In rarer cases, ...Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targeting the hemagglutinin (HA) stem of influenza A viruses (IAVs) tend to be effective against either group 1 or group 2 viral diversity. In rarer cases, intergroup protective bnAbs can be generated by human antibody paratopes that accommodate the conserved glycan differences between the group 1 and group 2 stems. We applied germline-engaging nanoparticle immunogens to elicit a class of cross-group bnAbs from physiological precursor frequency within a humanized mouse model. Cross-group protection depended on the presence of the human bnAb precursors within the B cell repertoire, and the vaccine-expanded antibodies enriched for an N55T substitution in the CDRH2 loop, a hallmark of the bnAb class. Structurally, this single mutation introduced a flexible fulcrum to accommodate glycosylation differences and could alone enable cross-group protection. Thus, broad IAV immunity can be expanded from the germline repertoire via minimal antigenic input and an exceptionally simple antibody development pathway.
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