National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)
R35GM141262
United States
National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI)
R01CA260414
United States
National Institutes of Health/National Institute Of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/NIAID)
T32AI055434
United States
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)
R35 GM133772
Citation
Journal: Elife / Year: 2024 Title: Dicer acts with the RIG-I-like helicase DRH-1 and RDE-4 to cleave dsRNA. Authors: Claudia D Consalvo / Adedeji M Aderounmu / Helen M Donelick / P Joseph Aruscavage / Debra M Eckert / Peter S Shen / Brenda L Bass / Abstract: Invertebrates use the endoribonuclease Dicer to cleave viral dsRNA during antiviral defense, while vertebrates use RIG-I-like Receptors (RLRs), which bind viral dsRNA to trigger an interferon ...Invertebrates use the endoribonuclease Dicer to cleave viral dsRNA during antiviral defense, while vertebrates use RIG-I-like Receptors (RLRs), which bind viral dsRNA to trigger an interferon response. While some invertebrate Dicers act alone during antiviral defense, Dicer acts in a complex with a dsRNA binding protein called RDE-4, and an RLR ortholog called DRH-1. We used biochemical and structural techniques to provide mechanistic insight into how these proteins function together. We found RDE-4 is important for ATP-independent and ATP-dependent cleavage reactions, while helicase domains of both DCR-1 and DRH-1 contribute to ATP-dependent cleavage. DRH-1 plays the dominant role in ATP hydrolysis, and like mammalian RLRs, has an N-terminal domain that functions in autoinhibition. A cryo-EM structure indicates DRH-1 interacts with DCR-1's helicase domain, suggesting this interaction relieves autoinhibition. Our study unravels the mechanistic basis of the collaboration between two helicases from typically distinct innate immune defense pathways.
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