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- EMDB-41010: Cryo-EM structure of the Butyrate bound FFA2-Gq complex -

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Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-41010
TitleCryo-EM structure of the Butyrate bound FFA2-Gq complex
Map dataButyrate-FFA2-miniGq
Sample
  • Complex: Butyrate-FFA2-miniGq complex
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
    • Protein or peptide: scFv16
    • Protein or peptide: Free fatty acid receptor 2
  • Ligand: butanoic acid
  • Ligand: CHOLESTEROL
  • Ligand: PALMITIC ACID
KeywordsGPCR / agonist / MEMBRANE PROTEIN
Function / homology
Function and homology information


Olfactory Signaling Pathway / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta / Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / G-protein activation / Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor ...Olfactory Signaling Pathway / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta / Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / G-protein activation / Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation / G beta:gamma signalling through BTK / Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / photoreceptor disc membrane / Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / G alpha (z) signalling events / cellular response to catecholamine stimulus / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 / ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / GPER1 signaling / Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade / cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus / G-protein beta-subunit binding / heterotrimeric G-protein complex / G alpha (12/13) signalling events / sensory perception of taste / extracellular vesicle / signaling receptor complex adaptor activity / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / retina development in camera-type eye / GTPase binding / Ca2+ pathway / fibroblast proliferation / High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells / G alpha (i) signalling events / G alpha (s) signalling events / phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / G alpha (q) signalling events / Ras protein signal transduction / Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling / cell population proliferation / G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / lysosomal membrane / GTPase activity / synapse / protein-containing complex binding / signal transduction / extracellular exosome / membrane / plasma membrane / cytoplasm / cytosol
Similarity search - Function
G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain / G-protein gamma-like domain superfamily / GGL domain / G protein gamma subunit-like motifs / GGL domain / G protein beta WD-40 repeat protein / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit / G-protein, beta subunit ...G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain / G-protein gamma-like domain superfamily / GGL domain / G protein gamma subunit-like motifs / GGL domain / G protein beta WD-40 repeat protein / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit / G-protein, beta subunit / G-protein beta WD-40 repeat / WD40 repeat, conserved site / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats signature. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats profile. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats circular profile. / WD40 repeats / WD40 repeat / WD40-repeat-containing domain superfamily / WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain superfamily
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human) / Mus musculus (house mouse)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.07 Å
AuthorsZhang X / Tikhonova I / Milligan G / Zhang C
Funding support United States, 1 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)R35GM128641 United States
CitationJournal: Sci Adv / Year: 2024
Title: Structural basis for the ligand recognition and signaling of free fatty acid receptors.
Authors: Xuan Zhang / Abdul-Akim Guseinov / Laura Jenkins / Kunpeng Li / Irina G Tikhonova / Graeme Milligan / Cheng Zhang /
Abstract: Free fatty acid receptors 1 to 4 (FFA1 to FFA4) are class A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). FFA1 to FFA3 share substantial sequence similarity, whereas FFA4 is unrelated. However, FFA1 and FFA4 ...Free fatty acid receptors 1 to 4 (FFA1 to FFA4) are class A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). FFA1 to FFA3 share substantial sequence similarity, whereas FFA4 is unrelated. However, FFA1 and FFA4 are activated by long-chain fatty acids, while FFA2 and FFA3 respond to short-chain fatty acids generated by intestinal microbiota. FFA1, FFA2, and FFA4 are potential drug targets for metabolic and inflammatory conditions. Here, we determined the active structures of FFA1 and FFA4 bound to docosahexaenoic acid, FFA4 bound to the synthetic agonist TUG-891, and butyrate-bound FFA2, each complexed with an engineered heterotrimeric G protein (miniG), by cryo-electron microscopy. Together with computational simulations and mutagenesis studies, we elucidated the similarities and differences in the binding modes of fatty acid ligands to their respective GPCRs. Our findings unveiled distinct mechanisms of receptor activation and G protein coupling. We anticipate that these outcomes will facilitate structure-based drug development and underpin future research on this group of GPCRs.
History
DepositionJun 7, 2023-
Header (metadata) releaseJan 24, 2024-
Map releaseJan 24, 2024-
UpdateMay 28, 2025-
Current statusMay 28, 2025Processing site: RCSB / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Supplemental images

emd_41010.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_41010.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 64 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
AnnotationButyrate-FFA2-miniGq
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
Brightness
Contrast
Others
AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
0.83 Å/pix.
x 256 pix.
= 211.456 Å		0.83 Å/pix.
x 256 pix.
= 211.456 Å		0.83 Å/pix.
x 256 pix.
= 211.456 Å

Surface

Projections

Slices (1/3)

Slices (1/2)

Slices (2/3)

Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 0.826 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.152
Minimum - Maximum-1.1708176 - 1.5983459
Average (Standard dev.)-0.000087935885 (±0.0430647)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions256256256
Spacing256256256
CellA=B=C: 211.456 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

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Supplemental data

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Half map: Butyrate-FFA2-miniGq-half A

Fileemd_41010_half_map_1.map
AnnotationButyrate-FFA2-miniGq-half_A
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

Projections

Slices (1/2)
Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Half map: Butyrate-FFA2-miniGq-half B

Fileemd_41010_half_map_2.map
AnnotationButyrate-FFA2-miniGq-half_B
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

Projections

Slices (1/2)
Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Sample components

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Entire : Butyrate-FFA2-miniGq complex

EntireName: Butyrate-FFA2-miniGq complex
Components
  • Complex: Butyrate-FFA2-miniGq complex
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
    • Protein or peptide: scFv16
    • Protein or peptide: Free fatty acid receptor 2
  • Ligand: butanoic acid
  • Ligand: CHOLESTEROL
  • Ligand: PALMITIC ACID

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Supramolecule #1: Butyrate-FFA2-miniGq complex

SupramoleculeName: Butyrate-FFA2-miniGq complex / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: #1-#5
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)

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Macromolecule #1: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 26.670275 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: VSAEDKAAAE RSKMIDKNLR EDGEKARRTL RLLLLGADNS GKSTIVKQMT SGIFETKFQV DKVNFHMFDV GGQRDERRKW IQCFNDVTA IIFVVDSSDY NRLQEALNDF KSIWNNRWLR TISVILFLNK QDLLAEKVLA GKSKIEDYFP EFARYTTPED A TPEPGEDP ...String:
VSAEDKAAAE RSKMIDKNLR EDGEKARRTL RLLLLGADNS GKSTIVKQMT SGIFETKFQV DKVNFHMFDV GGQRDERRKW IQCFNDVTA IIFVVDSSDY NRLQEALNDF KSIWNNRWLR TISVILFLNK QDLLAEKVLA GKSKIEDYFP EFARYTTPED A TPEPGEDP RVTRAKYFIR KEFVDISTAS GDGRHICYPH FTCAVDTENA RRIFNDCKDI ILQMNLREYN LV

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Macromolecule #2: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 37.516941 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: SELDQLRQEA EQLKNQIRDA RKACADATLS QITNNIDPVG RIQMRTRRTL RGHLAKIYAM HWGTDSRLLV SASQDGKLII WDSYTTNKV HAIPLRSSWV MTCAYAPSGN YVACGGLDNI CSIYNLKTRE GNVRVSRELA GHTGYLSCCR FLDDNQIVTS S GDTTCALW ...String:
SELDQLRQEA EQLKNQIRDA RKACADATLS QITNNIDPVG RIQMRTRRTL RGHLAKIYAM HWGTDSRLLV SASQDGKLII WDSYTTNKV HAIPLRSSWV MTCAYAPSGN YVACGGLDNI CSIYNLKTRE GNVRVSRELA GHTGYLSCCR FLDDNQIVTS S GDTTCALW DIETGQQTTT FTGHTGDVMS LSLAPDTRLF VSGACDASAK LWDVREGMCR QTFTGHESDI NAICFFPNGN AF ATGSDDA TCRLFDLRAD QELMTYSHDN IICGITSVSF SKSGRLLLAG YDDFNCNVWD ALKADRAGVL AGHDNRVSCL GVT DDGMAV ATGSWDSFLK IWNGSS

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

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Macromolecule #3: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 6.261229 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString:
TASIAQARKL VEQLKMEANI DRIKVSKAAA DLMAYCEAHA KEDPLLTPVP ASENPFR

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

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Macromolecule #4: scFv16

MacromoleculeName: scFv16 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Mus musculus (house mouse)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 25.331432 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: VQLVESGGGL VQPGGSRKLS CSASGFAFSS FGMHWVRQAP EKGLEWVAYI SSGSGTIYYA DTVKGRFTIS RDDPKNTLFL QMTSLRSED TAMYYCVRSI YYYGSSPFDF WGQGTTLTVS AADIVMTQAT SSVPVTPGES VSISCRSSKS LLHSNGNTYL Y WFLQRPGQ ...String:
VQLVESGGGL VQPGGSRKLS CSASGFAFSS FGMHWVRQAP EKGLEWVAYI SSGSGTIYYA DTVKGRFTIS RDDPKNTLFL QMTSLRSED TAMYYCVRSI YYYGSSPFDF WGQGTTLTVS AADIVMTQAT SSVPVTPGES VSISCRSSKS LLHSNGNTYL Y WFLQRPGQ SPQLLIYRMS NLASGVPDRF SGSGSGTAFT LTISRLEAED VGVYYCMQHL EYPLTFGAGT KLEL

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Macromolecule #5: Free fatty acid receptor 2

MacromoleculeName: Free fatty acid receptor 2 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 29.192848 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: PDWKSSLILM AYIIIFLTGL PANLLALRAF VGRIRQPQPA PVHILLLSLT LADLLLLLLL PFKIIEAASN LPKVVCALTS FGFYSSIYC STWLLAGISI ERYLGVAFPV QYKLSRRPLY GVIAALVAWV MSFGHCTIVI IVQYLCYENF TDNQLDVVLP V RLELCLVL ...String:
PDWKSSLILM AYIIIFLTGL PANLLALRAF VGRIRQPQPA PVHILLLSLT LADLLLLLLL PFKIIEAASN LPKVVCALTS FGFYSSIYC STWLLAGISI ERYLGVAFPV QYKLSRRPLY GVIAALVAWV MSFGHCTIVI IVQYLCYENF TDNQLDVVLP V RLELCLVL FFIPMAVTIF CYWRFVWIML SQPGAQRRRR AVGLAVVTLL NFLVCFGPYN VSHLVGYHQR KSPWWRSIAV VF SSLNASL DPLLFYFSSS V

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Macromolecule #6: butanoic acid

MacromoleculeName: butanoic acid / type: ligand / ID: 6 / Number of copies: 1 / Formula: BUA
Molecular weightTheoretical: 88.105 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-BUA:
butanoic acid

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Macromolecule #7: CHOLESTEROL

MacromoleculeName: CHOLESTEROL / type: ligand / ID: 7 / Number of copies: 1 / Formula: CLR
Molecular weightTheoretical: 386.654 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-CLR:
CHOLESTEROL

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Macromolecule #8: PALMITIC ACID

MacromoleculeName: PALMITIC ACID / type: ligand / ID: 8 / Number of copies: 2 / Formula: PLM
Molecular weightTheoretical: 256.424 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-PLM:
PALMITIC ACID

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

BufferpH: 7.5
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeFEI TITAN KRIOS
Image recordingFilm or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 61.6 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2.5 µm / Nominal defocus min: 0.8 µm
Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Startup modelType of model: NONE
Final reconstructionResolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 3.07 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 393952
Initial angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD
Final angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD

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