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Open data
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Basic information
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| Title | Cryo-EM structure of human GPR4-Gi complex | |||||||||
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Keywords | GPCR / class A / GPR4-Gi / cryo-EM / protein sensing / active state / MEMBRANE PROTEIN | |||||||||
| Function / homology | Function and homology informationglomerular mesangial cell development / regulation of vascular permeability / response to acidic pH / Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) / G-protein activation / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma ...glomerular mesangial cell development / regulation of vascular permeability / response to acidic pH / Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) / G-protein activation / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / Ca2+ pathway / G alpha (z) signalling events / High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / angiogenesis involved in wound healing / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / G alpha (q) signalling events / G alpha (i) signalling events / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / G-protein activation / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor / G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / G alpha (12/13) signalling events / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / G beta:gamma signalling through BTK / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / Ca2+ pathway / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / G alpha (z) signalling events / Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling / G alpha (s) signalling events / photoreceptor outer segment membrane / G alpha (q) signalling events / spectrin binding / G alpha (i) signalling events / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction / alkylglycerophosphoethanolamine phosphodiesterase activity / photoreceptor outer segment / regulation of cell adhesion / adenylate cyclase inhibitor activity / positive regulation of protein localization to cell cortex / T cell migration / Adenylate cyclase inhibitory pathway / D2 dopamine receptor binding / response to prostaglandin E / cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process / photoreceptor inner segment / adenylate cyclase regulator activity / G protein-coupled serotonin receptor binding / adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway / cellular response to forskolin / negative regulation of angiogenesis / regulation of mitotic spindle organization / Regulation of insulin secretion / positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process / negative regulation of insulin secretion / G protein-coupled receptor binding / response to peptide hormone / G protein-coupled receptor activity / adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / centriolar satellite / G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding / adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / positive regulation of inflammatory response / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / GDP binding / G alpha (z) signalling events / cellular response to catecholamine stimulus / ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production / adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway / GPER1 signaling / G-protein beta-subunit binding / cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus / heterotrimeric G-protein complex / sensory perception of taste / signaling receptor complex adaptor activity / positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration / G protein activity / retina development in camera-type eye / cell body Similarity search - Function | |||||||||
| Biological species | Homo sapiens (human) / ![]() ![]() | |||||||||
| Method | single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.5 Å | |||||||||
Authors | Chen LN / Zhou H / Xi K / Cheng SZ / Liu YF / Fu YF / Ma XY / Xu P / Ji SY / Wang WW ...Chen LN / Zhou H / Xi K / Cheng SZ / Liu YF / Fu YF / Ma XY / Xu P / Ji SY / Wang WW / Shen DD / Zhang HB / Shen QY / Chai R / Zhang M / Yang L / Han F / Mao CY / Cai XJ / Zhang Y | |||||||||
| Funding support | 1 items
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Citation | Journal: Mol Cell / Year: 2025Title: Proton perception and activation of a proton-sensing GPCR. Authors: Li-Nan Chen / Hui Zhou / Kun Xi / Shizhuo Cheng / Yongfeng Liu / Yifan Fu / Xiangyu Ma / Ping Xu / Su-Yu Ji / Wei-Wei Wang / Dan-Dan Shen / Huibing Zhang / Qingya Shen / Renjie Chai / Min ...Authors: Li-Nan Chen / Hui Zhou / Kun Xi / Shizhuo Cheng / Yongfeng Liu / Yifan Fu / Xiangyu Ma / Ping Xu / Su-Yu Ji / Wei-Wei Wang / Dan-Dan Shen / Huibing Zhang / Qingya Shen / Renjie Chai / Min Zhang / Lin Yang / Feng Han / Chunyou Mao / Xiujun Cai / Yan Zhang / ![]() Abstract: Maintaining pH at cellular, tissular, and systemic levels is essential for human health. Proton-sensing GPCRs regulate physiological and pathological processes by sensing the extracellular acidity. ...Maintaining pH at cellular, tissular, and systemic levels is essential for human health. Proton-sensing GPCRs regulate physiological and pathological processes by sensing the extracellular acidity. However, the molecular mechanism of proton sensing and activation of these receptors remains elusive. Here, we present cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human GPR4, a prototypical proton-sensing GPCR, in its inactive and active states. Our studies reveal that three extracellular histidine residues are crucial for proton sensing of human GPR4. The binding of protons induces substantial conformational changes in GPR4's ECLs, particularly in ECL2, which transforms from a helix-loop to a β-turn-β configuration. This transformation leads to the rearrangements of H-bond network and hydrophobic packing, relayed by non-canonical motifs to accommodate G proteins. Furthermore, the antagonist NE52-QQ57 hinders human GPR4 activation by preventing hydrophobic stacking rearrangement. Our findings provide a molecular framework for understanding the activation mechanism of a human proton-sensing GPCR, aiding future drug discovery. | |||||||||
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Structure visualization
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Downloads & links
-EMDB archive
| Map data | emd_39866.map.gz | 928.5 KB | EMDB map data format | |
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| Header (meta data) | emd-39866-v30.xml emd-39866.xml | 25.9 KB 25.9 KB | Display Display | EMDB header |
| Images | emd_39866.png | 77.4 KB | ||
| Filedesc metadata | emd-39866.cif.gz | 7.4 KB | ||
| Others | emd_39866_half_map_1.map.gz emd_39866_half_map_2.map.gz | 39.7 MB 39.7 MB | ||
| Archive directory | http://ftp.pdbj.org/pub/emdb/structures/EMD-39866 ftp://ftp.pdbj.org/pub/emdb/structures/EMD-39866 | HTTPS FTP |
-Validation report
| Summary document | emd_39866_validation.pdf.gz | 669.2 KB | Display | EMDB validaton report |
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| Full document | emd_39866_full_validation.pdf.gz | 668.7 KB | Display | |
| Data in XML | emd_39866_validation.xml.gz | 11.2 KB | Display | |
| Data in CIF | emd_39866_validation.cif.gz | 13.1 KB | Display | |
| Arichive directory | https://ftp.pdbj.org/pub/emdb/validation_reports/EMD-39866 ftp://ftp.pdbj.org/pub/emdb/validation_reports/EMD-39866 | HTTPS FTP |
-Related structure data
| Related structure data | ![]() 8z9pMC ![]() 8z9oC ![]() 9lmoC ![]() 9lmpC M: atomic model generated by this map C: citing same article ( |
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| Similar structure data | Similarity search - Function & homology F&H Search |
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Links
| EMDB pages | EMDB (EBI/PDBe) / EMDataResource |
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| Related items in Molecule of the Month |
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Map
| File | Download / File: emd_39866.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 42.9 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Projections & slices | Image control
Images are generated by Spider. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Voxel size | X=Y=Z: 0.93 Å | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Density |
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| Symmetry | Space group: 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Details | EMDB XML:
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-Supplemental data
-Half map: #2
| File | emd_39866_half_map_1.map | ||||||||||||
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| Density Histograms |
-Half map: #1
| File | emd_39866_half_map_2.map | ||||||||||||
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Sample components
-Entire : Cryo-EM structure of human GPR4-Gi complex
| Entire | Name: Cryo-EM structure of human GPR4-Gi complex |
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| Components |
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-Supramolecule #1: Cryo-EM structure of human GPR4-Gi complex
| Supramolecule | Name: Cryo-EM structure of human GPR4-Gi complex / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: #1-#5 |
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| Source (natural) | Organism: Homo sapiens (human) |
-Macromolecule #1: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
| Macromolecule | Name: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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| Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
| Molecular weight | Theoretical: 37.915496 KDa |
| Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() |
| Sequence | String: MGSLLQSELD QLRQEAEQLK NQIRDARKAC ADATLSQITN NIDPVGRIQM RTRRTLRGHL AKIYAMHWGT DSRLLVSASQ DGKLIIWDS YTTNKVHAIP LRSSWVMTCA YAPSGNYVAC GGLDNICSIY NLKTREGNVR VSRELAGHTG YLSCCRFLDD N QIVTSSGD ...String: MGSLLQSELD QLRQEAEQLK NQIRDARKAC ADATLSQITN NIDPVGRIQM RTRRTLRGHL AKIYAMHWGT DSRLLVSASQ DGKLIIWDS YTTNKVHAIP LRSSWVMTCA YAPSGNYVAC GGLDNICSIY NLKTREGNVR VSRELAGHTG YLSCCRFLDD N QIVTSSGD TTCALWDIET GQQTTTFTGH TGDVMSLSLA PDTRLFVSGA CDASAKLWDV REGMCRQTFT GHESDINAIC FF PNGNAFA TGSDDATCRL FDLRADQELM TYSHDNIICG ITSVSFSKSG RLLLAGYDDF NCNVWDALKA DRAGVLAGHD NRV SCLGVT DDGMAVATGS WDSFLKIWN UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 |
-Macromolecule #2: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
| Macromolecule | Name: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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| Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
| Molecular weight | Theoretical: 7.729947 KDa |
| Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() |
| Sequence | String: ASNNTASIAQ ARKLVEQLKM EANIDRIKVS KAAADLMAYC EAHAKEDPLL TPVPASENPF REKKFFCAIL UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 |
-Macromolecule #3: G-protein coupled receptor 4
| Macromolecule | Name: G-protein coupled receptor 4 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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| Source (natural) | Organism: Homo sapiens (human) |
| Molecular weight | Theoretical: 34.657527 KDa |
| Recombinant expression | Organism: Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sequence | String: GCHVDSRVDH LFPPSLYIFV IGVGLPTNCL ALWAAYRQVQ QRNELGVYLM NLSIADLLYI CTLPLWVDYF LHHDNWIHGP GSCKLFGFI FYTNIYISIA FLCCISVDRY LAVAHPLRFA RLRRVKTAVA VSSVVWATEL GANSAPLFHD ELFRDRYNHT F CFEKFPME ...String: GCHVDSRVDH LFPPSLYIFV IGVGLPTNCL ALWAAYRQVQ QRNELGVYLM NLSIADLLYI CTLPLWVDYF LHHDNWIHGP GSCKLFGFI FYTNIYISIA FLCCISVDRY LAVAHPLRFA RLRRVKTAVA VSSVVWATEL GANSAPLFHD ELFRDRYNHT F CFEKFPME GWVAWMNLYR VFVGFLFPWA LMLLSYRGIL RAVRGSVSTE RQEKAKIKRL ALSLIAIVLV CFAPYHVLLL SR SAIYLGR PWDCGFEERV FSAYHSSLAF TSLNCVADPI LYCLVNEGAR SDVAKALHNL LRFLAS UniProtKB: G-prodeshotein coupled receptor 4 |
-Macromolecule #4: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1
| Macromolecule | Name: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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| Source (natural) | Organism: Homo sapiens (human) |
| Molecular weight | Theoretical: 40.414047 KDa |
| Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() |
| Sequence | String: MGCTLSAEDK AAVERSKMID RNLREDGEKA AREVKLLLLG AGESGKNTIV KQMKIIHEAG YSEEECKQYK AVVYSNTIQS IIAIIRAMG RLKIDFGDSA RADDARQLFV LAGAAEEGFM TAELAGVIKR LWKDSGVQAC FNRSREYQLN DSAAYYLNDL D RIAQPNYI ...String: MGCTLSAEDK AAVERSKMID RNLREDGEKA AREVKLLLLG AGESGKNTIV KQMKIIHEAG YSEEECKQYK AVVYSNTIQS IIAIIRAMG RLKIDFGDSA RADDARQLFV LAGAAEEGFM TAELAGVIKR LWKDSGVQAC FNRSREYQLN DSAAYYLNDL D RIAQPNYI PTQQDVLRTR VKTTGIVETH FTFKDLHFKM FDVGAQRSER KKWIHCFEGV TAIIFCVALS DYDLVLAEDE EM NRMHASM KLFDSICNNK WFTDTSIILF LNKKDLFEEK IKKSPLTICY PEYAGSNTYE EAAAYIQCQF EDLNKRKDTK EIY THFTCS TDTKNVQFVF DAVTDVIIKN NLKDCGLF UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 |
-Macromolecule #5: single Fab chain (svFv16)
| Macromolecule | Name: single Fab chain (svFv16) / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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| Source (natural) | Organism: synthetic construct (others) |
| Molecular weight | Theoretical: 26.610615 KDa |
| Recombinant expression | Organism: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) |
| Sequence | String: DVQLVESGGG LVQPGGSRKL SCSASGFAFS SFGMHWVRQA PEKGLEWVAY ISSGSGTIYY ADTVKGRFTI SRDDPKNTLF LQMTSLRSE DTAMYYCVRS IYYYGSSPFD FWGQGTTLTV SSGGGGSGGG GSGGGGSDIV MTQATSSVPV TPGESVSISC R SSKSLLHS ...String: DVQLVESGGG LVQPGGSRKL SCSASGFAFS SFGMHWVRQA PEKGLEWVAY ISSGSGTIYY ADTVKGRFTI SRDDPKNTLF LQMTSLRSE DTAMYYCVRS IYYYGSSPFD FWGQGTTLTV SSGGGGSGGG GSGGGGSDIV MTQATSSVPV TPGESVSISC R SSKSLLHS NGNTYLYWFL QRPGQSPQLL IYRMSNLASG VPDRFSGSGS GTAFTLTISR LEAEDVGVYY CMQHLEYPLT FG AGTKLEL KGS |
-Macromolecule #6: CHOLESTEROL
| Macromolecule | Name: CHOLESTEROL / type: ligand / ID: 6 / Number of copies: 2 / Formula: CLR |
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| Molecular weight | Theoretical: 386.654 Da |
| Chemical component information | ![]() ChemComp-CLR: |
-Experimental details
-Structure determination
| Method | cryo EM |
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Processing | single particle reconstruction |
| Aggregation state | particle |
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Sample preparation
| Buffer | pH: 6 |
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| Vitrification | Cryogen name: ETHANE |
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Electron microscopy
| Microscope | TFS KRIOS |
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| Image recording | Film or detector model: FEI FALCON IV (4k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 52.0 e/Å2 |
| Electron beam | Acceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN |
| Electron optics | Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Cs: 2.7 mm / Nominal defocus max: 1.5 µm / Nominal defocus min: 0.7000000000000001 µm |
| Sample stage | Specimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER / Cooling holder cryogen: NITROGEN |
| Experimental equipment | ![]() Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company |
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About Yorodumi




Keywords
Homo sapiens (human)
Authors
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Processing
FIELD EMISSION GUN
