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- EMDB-39865: Cryo-EM structure of human GPR4-Gs complex -

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Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-39865
TitleCryo-EM structure of human GPR4-Gs complex
Map data
Sample
  • Complex: Cryo-EM structure of human GPR4-Gs complex
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Protein or peptide: Isoform Gnas-2 of Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
    • Protein or peptide: Nanobody-35
    • Protein or peptide: G-protein coupled receptor 4
  • Ligand: CHOLESTEROL
  • Ligand: water
KeywordsGPCR / class A / GPR4-Gs / cryo-EM / protein sensing / active state / MEMBRANE PROTEIN/IMMUNE SYSTEM / MEMBRANE PROTEIN-IMMUNE SYSTEM complex
Function / homology
Function and homology information


glomerular mesangial cell development / regulation of vascular permeability / response to acidic pH / Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) / G-protein activation / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma ...glomerular mesangial cell development / regulation of vascular permeability / response to acidic pH / Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) / G-protein activation / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / Ca2+ pathway / G alpha (z) signalling events / High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / angiogenesis involved in wound healing / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / G alpha (q) signalling events / G alpha (i) signalling events / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / G-protein activation / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor / G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / G alpha (12/13) signalling events / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / G beta:gamma signalling through BTK / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / Ca2+ pathway / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / G alpha (z) signalling events / Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling / G alpha (s) signalling events / photoreceptor outer segment membrane / G alpha (q) signalling events / spectrin binding / G alpha (i) signalling events / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction / alkylglycerophosphoethanolamine phosphodiesterase activity / PKA activation in glucagon signalling / developmental growth / hair follicle placode formation / photoreceptor outer segment / D1 dopamine receptor binding / intracellular transport / vascular endothelial cell response to laminar fluid shear stress / regulation of cell adhesion / renal water homeostasis / activation of adenylate cyclase activity / Hedgehog 'off' state / adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway / cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process / photoreceptor inner segment / regulation of insulin secretion / cellular response to glucagon stimulus / negative regulation of angiogenesis / adenylate cyclase activator activity / trans-Golgi network membrane / negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus / bone development / G protein-coupled receptor activity / platelet aggregation / cognition / G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding / adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / positive regulation of inflammatory response / Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor / Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / sensory perception of smell / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / G alpha (z) signalling events / cellular response to catecholamine stimulus / ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production / adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway / GPER1 signaling / G-protein beta-subunit binding / cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus / heterotrimeric G-protein complex / sensory perception of taste / positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis / signaling receptor complex adaptor activity / positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration
Similarity search - Function
G protein-coupled receptor 4 orphan / G-protein alpha subunit, group S / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G-protein alpha subunit / G-alpha domain profile. / G protein alpha subunit / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain ...G protein-coupled receptor 4 orphan / G-protein alpha subunit, group S / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G-protein alpha subunit / G-alpha domain profile. / G protein alpha subunit / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain / G-protein gamma-like domain superfamily / GGL domain / G protein gamma subunit-like motifs / GGL domain / G protein beta WD-40 repeat protein / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit / G-protein, beta subunit / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 signature. / G protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin-like / GPCR, rhodopsin-like, 7TM / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 profile. / 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family) / G-protein beta WD-40 repeat / WD40 repeat, conserved site / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats signature. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats profile. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats circular profile. / WD40 repeats / WD40 repeat / WD40-repeat-containing domain superfamily / WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain superfamily / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
G-prodeshotein coupled receptor 4 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human) / Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) / Bos taurus (domestic cattle) / synthetic construct (others)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.4 Å
AuthorsChen LN / Mao CY / Cheng SZ / Liu YF / Fu YF / Ma XY / Xu P / Ji SY / Wang WW / Shen DD ...Chen LN / Mao CY / Cheng SZ / Liu YF / Fu YF / Ma XY / Xu P / Ji SY / Wang WW / Shen DD / Zhang HB / Shen QY / Chai R / Zhang M / Yang L / Han F / Cai XJ / Zhang Y
Funding support1 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Not funded
CitationJournal: Mol Cell / Year: 2025
Title: Proton perception and activation of a proton-sensing GPCR.
Authors: Li-Nan Chen / Hui Zhou / Kun Xi / Shizhuo Cheng / Yongfeng Liu / Yifan Fu / Xiangyu Ma / Ping Xu / Su-Yu Ji / Wei-Wei Wang / Dan-Dan Shen / Huibing Zhang / Qingya Shen / Renjie Chai / Min ...Authors: Li-Nan Chen / Hui Zhou / Kun Xi / Shizhuo Cheng / Yongfeng Liu / Yifan Fu / Xiangyu Ma / Ping Xu / Su-Yu Ji / Wei-Wei Wang / Dan-Dan Shen / Huibing Zhang / Qingya Shen / Renjie Chai / Min Zhang / Lin Yang / Feng Han / Chunyou Mao / Xiujun Cai / Yan Zhang /
Abstract: Maintaining pH at cellular, tissular, and systemic levels is essential for human health. Proton-sensing GPCRs regulate physiological and pathological processes by sensing the extracellular acidity. ...Maintaining pH at cellular, tissular, and systemic levels is essential for human health. Proton-sensing GPCRs regulate physiological and pathological processes by sensing the extracellular acidity. However, the molecular mechanism of proton sensing and activation of these receptors remains elusive. Here, we present cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human GPR4, a prototypical proton-sensing GPCR, in its inactive and active states. Our studies reveal that three extracellular histidine residues are crucial for proton sensing of human GPR4. The binding of protons induces substantial conformational changes in GPR4's ECLs, particularly in ECL2, which transforms from a helix-loop to a β-turn-β configuration. This transformation leads to the rearrangements of H-bond network and hydrophobic packing, relayed by non-canonical motifs to accommodate G proteins. Furthermore, the antagonist NE52-QQ57 hinders human GPR4 activation by preventing hydrophobic stacking rearrangement. Our findings provide a molecular framework for understanding the activation mechanism of a human proton-sensing GPCR, aiding future drug discovery.
History
DepositionApr 23, 2024-
Header (metadata) releaseJul 16, 2025-
Map releaseJul 16, 2025-
UpdateJan 14, 2026-
Current statusJan 14, 2026Processing site: PDBc / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Supplemental images

emd_39865.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_39865.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 42.9 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
Brightness
Contrast
Others
AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
0.93 Å/pix.
x 224 pix.
= 208.32 Å		0.93 Å/pix.
x 224 pix.
= 208.32 Å		0.93 Å/pix.
x 224 pix.
= 208.32 Å

Surface

Projections

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Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 0.93 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.015
Minimum - Maximum-0.13709576 - 0.2387034
Average (Standard dev.)0.00004896969 (±0.0052243415)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions224224224
Spacing224224224
CellA=B=C: 208.32 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

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Supplemental data

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Half map: #2

Fileemd_39865_half_map_1.map
Projections & Slices
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Half map: #1

Fileemd_39865_half_map_2.map
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Sample components

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Entire : Cryo-EM structure of human GPR4-Gs complex

EntireName: Cryo-EM structure of human GPR4-Gs complex
Components
  • Complex: Cryo-EM structure of human GPR4-Gs complex
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Protein or peptide: Isoform Gnas-2 of Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
    • Protein or peptide: Nanobody-35
    • Protein or peptide: G-protein coupled receptor 4
  • Ligand: CHOLESTEROL
  • Ligand: water

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Supramolecule #1: Cryo-EM structure of human GPR4-Gs complex

SupramoleculeName: Cryo-EM structure of human GPR4-Gs complex / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: #1-#5
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)

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Macromolecule #1: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 37.198656 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)
SequenceString: ELDQLRQEAE QLKNQIRDAR KACADATLSQ ITNNIDPVGR IQMRTRRTLR GHLAKIYAMH WGTDSRLLVS ASQDGKLIIW DSYTTNKVH AIPLRSSWVM TCAYAPSGNY VACGGLDNIC SIYNLKTREG NVRVSRELAG HTGYLSCCRF LDDNQIVTSS G DTTCALWD ...String:
ELDQLRQEAE QLKNQIRDAR KACADATLSQ ITNNIDPVGR IQMRTRRTLR GHLAKIYAMH WGTDSRLLVS ASQDGKLIIW DSYTTNKVH AIPLRSSWVM TCAYAPSGNY VACGGLDNIC SIYNLKTREG NVRVSRELAG HTGYLSCCRF LDDNQIVTSS G DTTCALWD IETGQQTTTF TGHTGDVMSL SLAPDTRLFV SGACDASAKL WDVREGMCRQ TFTGHESDIN AICFFPNGNA FA TGSDDAT CRLFDLRADQ ELMTYSHDNI ICGITSVSFS KSGRLLLAGY DDFNCNVWDA LKADRAGVLA GHDNRVSCLG VTD DGMAVA TGSWDSFLKI WN

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

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Macromolecule #2: Isoform Gnas-2 of Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit...

MacromoleculeName: Isoform Gnas-2 of Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
EC number: Hydrolases; Acting on acid anhydrides; Acting on GTP to facilitate cellular and subcellular movement
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 43.234875 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)
SequenceString: DQRNEEKAQR EANKKIEKQL QKDKQVYRAT HRLLLLGAGE SGKSTIVKQM RILHVNGFNG DSEKATKVQD IKNNLKEAIE TIVAAMSNL VPPVELANPE NQFRVDYILS VMNVPDFDFP PEFYEHAKAL WEDEGVRACY ERSNEYQLID CAQYFLDKID V IKQADYVP ...String:
DQRNEEKAQR EANKKIEKQL QKDKQVYRAT HRLLLLGAGE SGKSTIVKQM RILHVNGFNG DSEKATKVQD IKNNLKEAIE TIVAAMSNL VPPVELANPE NQFRVDYILS VMNVPDFDFP PEFYEHAKAL WEDEGVRACY ERSNEYQLID CAQYFLDKID V IKQADYVP SDQDLLRCRV LTSGIFETKF QVDKVNFHMF DVGAQRDERR KWIQCFNDVT AIIFVVASSS YNMVIREDNQ TN RLQAALK LFDSIWNNKW LRDTSVILFL NKQDLLAEKV LAGKSKIEDY FPEFARYTTP EDATPEPGED PRVTRAKYFI RDE FLRIST ASGDGRHYCY PHFTCAVDTE NIRRVFNDCR DIIQRMHLRQ YELL

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short

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Macromolecule #3: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Bos taurus (domestic cattle)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 6.261229 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)
SequenceString:
TASIAQARKL VEQLKMEANI DRIKVSKAAA DLMAYCEAHA KEDPLLTPVP ASENPFR

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

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Macromolecule #4: Nanobody-35

MacromoleculeName: Nanobody-35 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: synthetic construct (others)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 13.711284 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
SequenceString:
QVQLQESGGG LVQPGGSLRL SCAASGFTFS NYKMNWVRQA PGKGLEWVSD ISQSGASISY TGSVKGRFTI SRDNAKNTLY LQMNSLKPE DTAVYYCARC PAPFTRDCFD VTSTTYAYRG QGTQVTV

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Macromolecule #5: G-protein coupled receptor 4

MacromoleculeName: G-protein coupled receptor 4 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 34.657527 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Homo sapiens (human)
SequenceString: GCHVDSRVDH LFPPSLYIFV IGVGLPTNCL ALWAAYRQVQ QRNELGVYLM NLSIADLLYI CTLPLWVDYF LHHDNWIHGP GSCKLFGFI FYTNIYISIA FLCCISVDRY LAVAHPLRFA RLRRVKTAVA VSSVVWATEL GANSAPLFHD ELFRDRYNHT F CFEKFPME ...String:
GCHVDSRVDH LFPPSLYIFV IGVGLPTNCL ALWAAYRQVQ QRNELGVYLM NLSIADLLYI CTLPLWVDYF LHHDNWIHGP GSCKLFGFI FYTNIYISIA FLCCISVDRY LAVAHPLRFA RLRRVKTAVA VSSVVWATEL GANSAPLFHD ELFRDRYNHT F CFEKFPME GWVAWMNLYR VFVGFLFPWA LMLLSYRGIL RAVRGSVSTE RQEKAKIKRL ALSLIAIVLV CFAPYHVLLL SR SAIYLGR PWDCGFEERV FSAYHSSLAF TSLNCVADPI LYCLVNEGAR SDVAKALHNL LRFLAS

UniProtKB: G-prodeshotein coupled receptor 4

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Macromolecule #6: CHOLESTEROL

MacromoleculeName: CHOLESTEROL / type: ligand / ID: 6 / Number of copies: 2 / Formula: CLR
Molecular weightTheoretical: 386.654 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-CLR:
CHOLESTEROL

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Macromolecule #7: water

MacromoleculeName: water / type: ligand / ID: 7 / Number of copies: 1 / Formula: HOH
Molecular weightTheoretical: 18.015 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-HOH:
WATER

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

BufferpH: 6
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeTFS KRIOS
Image recordingFilm or detector model: FEI FALCON IV (4k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 52.0 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Cs: 2.7 mm / Nominal defocus max: 1.5 µm / Nominal defocus min: 0.7000000000000001 µm
Sample stageSpecimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER / Cooling holder cryogen: NITROGEN
Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Startup modelType of model: NONE
Final reconstructionResolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 2.4 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Software - Name: RELION / Number images used: 158171
Initial angle assignmentType: RANDOM ASSIGNMENT
Final angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD

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