Journal: PLoS Pathog / Year: 2011 Title: Cryo electron tomography of herpes simplex virus during axonal transport and secondary envelopment in primary neurons. Authors: Iosune Ibiricu / Juha T Huiskonen / Katinka Döhner / Frank Bradke / Beate Sodeik / Kay Grünewald / Abstract: During herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) egress in neurons, viral particles travel from the neuronal cell body along the axon towards the synapse. Whether HSV1 particles are transported as enveloped ...During herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) egress in neurons, viral particles travel from the neuronal cell body along the axon towards the synapse. Whether HSV1 particles are transported as enveloped virions as proposed by the 'married' model or as non-enveloped capsids suggested by the 'separate' model is controversial. Specific viral proteins may form a recruitment platform for microtubule motors that catalyze such transport. However, their subviral location has remained elusive. Here we established a system to analyze herpesvirus egress by cryo electron tomography. At 16 h post infection, we observed intra-axonal transport of progeny HSV1 viral particles in dissociated hippocampal neurons by live-cell fluorescence microscopy. Cryo electron tomography of frozen-hydrated neurons revealed that most egressing capsids were transported independently of the viral envelope. Unexpectedly, we found not only DNA-containing capsids (cytosolic C-capsids), but also capsids lacking DNA (cytosolic A-/B-capsids) in mid-axon regions. Subvolume averaging revealed lower amounts of tegument on cytosolic A-/B-capsids than on C-capsids. Nevertheless, all capsid types underwent active axonal transport. Therefore, even few tegument proteins on the capsid vertices seemed to suffice for transport. Secondary envelopment of capsids was observed at axon terminals. On their luminal face, the enveloping vesicles were studded with typical glycoprotein-like spikes. Furthermore, we noted an accretion of tegument density at the concave cytosolic face of the vesicle membrane in close proximity to the capsids. Three-dimensional analysis revealed that these assembly sites lacked cytoskeletal elements, but that filamentous actin surrounded them and formed an assembly compartment. Our data support the 'separate model' for HSV1 egress, i.e. progeny herpes viruses being transported along axons as subassemblies and not as complete virions within transport vesicles.
History
Deposition
Sep 2, 2011
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Header (metadata) release
Sep 30, 2011
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Map release
Aug 29, 2012
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Update
Sep 5, 2012
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Current status
Sep 5, 2012
Processing site: PDBe / Status: Released
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Structure visualization
Movie
Surface view with section colored by density value
Specimen holder: Eucentric / Specimen holder model: OTHER / Tilt series - Axis1 - Min angle: -60 ° / Tilt series - Axis1 - Max angle: 60 °
Experimental equipment
Model: Tecnai Polara / Image courtesy: FEI Company
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Image processing
Details
Sub-volumes of icosahedral particles where manually picked in tomographic reconstructions, aligned and averaged. Average number of projections used in the 3D reconstructions: 41.
Final reconstruction
Algorithm: OTHER / Resolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 69.0 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.5 CUT-OFF / Software - Name: IMOD and Bsoft / Details: Map was calculated from tomographic sub-volumes
CTF correction
Details: Low pass filter
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