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基本情報
登録情報 | データベース: EMDB / ID: EMD-1273 | |||||||||
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タイトル | Centrosome polarization delivers secretory granules to the immunological synapse. | |||||||||
![]() | Tomogram of the immunological synapse between a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and a target cell. The microtubule organization centre (MTOC) is polarized to the cell-cell contact site. The electron-dense lytic granules are transported along the microtubules to the synaptic cleft. Here they probably fuse with the membrane and excrete the cytotoxic proteins that trigger the death of the target cell. (See the masks representing models of the synaptic cleft, microtubules, centriole, lytic granules and Golgi apparatus.) | |||||||||
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生物種 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | |||||||||
手法 | 電子線トモグラフィー法 / ネガティブ染色法 / 解像度: 50.0 Å | |||||||||
![]() | Stinchcombe JC / Majorovits E / Bossi G / Fuller SD / Griffiths GM | |||||||||
![]() | ![]() タイトル: Centrosome polarization delivers secretory granules to the immunological synapse. 著者: Jane C Stinchcombe / Endre Majorovits / Giovanna Bossi / Stephen Fuller / Gillian M Griffiths / ![]() 要旨: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) destroy virally infected and tumorigenic cells by releasing the contents of specialized secretory lysosomes--termed 'lytic granules'--at the immunological synapse ...Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) destroy virally infected and tumorigenic cells by releasing the contents of specialized secretory lysosomes--termed 'lytic granules'--at the immunological synapse formed between the CTL and the target. On contact with the target cell, the microtubule organizing centre of the CTL polarizes towards the target and granules move along microtubules in a minus-end direction towards the polarized microtubule organizing centre. However, the final steps of secretion have remained unclear. Here we show that CTLs do not require actin or plus-end microtubule motors for secretion, but instead the centrosome moves to and contacts the plasma membrane at the central supramolecular activation cluster of the immunological synapse. Actin and IQGAP1 are cleared away from the synapse, and granules are delivered directly to the plasma membrane. These data show that CTLs use a previously unreported mechanism for delivering secretory granules to the immunological synapse, with granule secretion controlled by centrosome delivery to the plasma membrane. | |||||||||
履歴 |
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構造ビューア | EMマップ: ![]() ![]() ![]() |
添付画像 |
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マップデータ | ![]() | 196.6 MB | ![]() | |
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ヘッダ (付随情報) | ![]() ![]() | 21.9 KB 21.9 KB | 表示 表示 | ![]() |
画像 | ![]() | 139.9 KB | ||
マスクデータ | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | 304 MB 304 MB 304 MB 304 MB 304 MB | ![]() | |
その他 | ![]() | 1.6 KB | ||
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マップ
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注釈 | Tomogram of the immunological synapse between a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and a target cell. The microtubule organization centre (MTOC) is polarized to the cell-cell contact site. The electron-dense lytic granules are transported along the microtubules to the synaptic cleft. Here they probably fuse with the membrane and excrete the cytotoxic proteins that trigger the death of the target cell. (See the masks representing models of the synaptic cleft, microtubules, centriole, lytic granules and Golgi apparatus.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ボクセルのサイズ | X=Y=Z: 22.5 Å | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
密度 |
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対称性 | 空間群: 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
詳細 | EMDB XML:
CCP4マップ ヘッダ情報:
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-添付データ
-セグメンテーションマップ: Microtubule (MT) network within the CTL. The MTs...
注釈 | Microtubule (MT) network within the CTL. The MTs radiate out from the polarized centrosomal area, running both away from the plasma membrane into the cell and along the cell membrane to the periphery of the synapse. Both lytic granules (see mask granules_mask4) and the Golgi apparatus (see mask golgi_mask5) are linked to and transported along the MTs to the synaptic cleft | ||||||||||||
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ファイル | ![]() | ||||||||||||
投影像・断面図 |
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密度ヒストグラム |
-セグメンテーションマップ: One of the two CTL centrioles, sitting close...
注釈 | One of the two CTL centrioles, sitting close to the synaptic cleft. The two centrioles form part of the centrosome that is polarized to the synaptic cleft. Microtubules run from here into the cell and along the cell membrane to the periphery of the synapse (see mask MTs_mask) | ||||||||||||
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ファイル | ![]() | ||||||||||||
投影像・断面図 |
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密度ヒストグラム |
-セグメンテーションマップ: The lytic granules are the "cytotoxic organelles" of...
注釈 | The lytic granules are the "cytotoxic organelles" of the CTL. They are transported along the MTs in a minus-end fashion towards the polarized centrosome. After docking to the cell membrane they probably fuse with the membrane at the secretory domain and excrete the cytotoxic proteins into the synaptic cleft | ||||||||||||
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ファイル | ![]() | ||||||||||||
投影像・断面図 |
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密度ヒストグラム |
-セグメンテーションマップ: A CTL Golgi apparatus, sitting close to the...
注釈 | A CTL Golgi apparatus, sitting close to the synaptic cleft. The Golgi apparatus is polarized to the cell-cell contact together with the centrosome | ||||||||||||
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ファイル | ![]() | ||||||||||||
投影像・断面図 |
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密度ヒストグラム |
-セグメンテーションマップ: Synaptic cleft, i.e. space between the CTL and...
注釈 | Synaptic cleft, i.e. space between the CTL and the target cell as defined by the opposing membranes. Areas of close membrane-membrane contact (adhesion/signaling domains) and pocket-like areas with larger membrane-membrane distances (secretion domain) are clearly distinguishable | ||||||||||||
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ファイル | ![]() | ||||||||||||
投影像・断面図 |
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密度ヒストグラム |
-その他
詳細 | [README_masks.txt] Information about the masks which have been taken from the tomogram map emd_1273.map emd_1273_msk_1.map:mask1_synapse: Synaptic cleft, i.e. space between the CTL and the target cell as defined by the opposing membranes. Areas of close membrane-membrane contact (adhesion/signaling domains) and pocket-like areas with larger membrane-membrane distances (secretion domain) are clearly distinguishable. emd_1273_msk_2.map:mask2_MTs: Microtubule (MT) network within the CTL. The MTs radiate out from the polarized centrosomal area, running both away from the plasma membrane into the cell and along the cell membrane to the periphery of the synapse. Both lytic granules (see mask granules_mask4) and the Golgi apparatus (see mask golgi_mask5) are linked to and transported along the MTs to the synaptic cleft. emd_1273_msk_3.map:mask3_centriole: One of the two CTL centrioles, sitting close to the synaptic cleft. The two centrioles form part of the centrosome that is polarized to the synaptic cleft. Microtubules run from here into the cell and along the cell membrane to the periphery of the synapse (see mask MTs_mask). emd_1273_msk_4.map:mask4_granules: The lytic granules are the "cytotoxic organelles" of the CTL. They are transported along the MTs in a minus-end fashion towards the polarized centrosome. After docking to the cell membrane they probably fuse with the membrane at the secretory domain and excrete the cytotoxic proteins into the synaptic cleft. emd_1273_msk_5.map:mask5_golgi: A CTL Golgi apparatus, sitting close to the synaptic cleft. The Golgi apparatus is polarized to the cell-cell contact together with the centrosome. |
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試料の構成要素
-全体 : Immunological synapse between a cytotoxic T lymphocyte and a targ...
全体 | 名称: Immunological synapse between a cytotoxic T lymphocyte and a target cell |
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要素 |
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-超分子 #1000: Immunological synapse between a cytotoxic T lymphocyte and a targ...
超分子 | 名称: Immunological synapse between a cytotoxic T lymphocyte and a target cell タイプ: sample / ID: 1000 / Number unique components: 2 |
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-超分子 #1: human CD8 CTL clone, PK-1
超分子 | 名称: human CD8 CTL clone, PK-1 / タイプ: organelle_or_cellular_component / ID: 1 / Name.synonym: human CD8 T cell / 詳細: human CD8 CTL clone derived from healthy donor / 組換発現: No / データベース: NCBI |
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由来(天然) | 生物種: ![]() |
-超分子 #2: P815 mouse target cell
超分子 | 名称: P815 mouse target cell / タイプ: organelle_or_cellular_component / ID: 2 / Name.synonym: mouse target cell / 詳細: 0 / 組換発現: No / データベース: NCBI |
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由来(天然) | 生物種: ![]() ![]() |
-実験情報
-構造解析
手法 | ネガティブ染色法 |
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![]() | 電子線トモグラフィー法 |
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試料調製
緩衝液 | 詳細: RPMI medium |
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染色 | タイプ: NEGATIVE 詳細: CTLs were labelled overnight with 1-2mg/ml HRP to load the lytic granules. After 30 min. conjugation to P815 target cells with anti-CD3 antibodies the sample was fixed and processed for DAB- ...詳細: CTLs were labelled overnight with 1-2mg/ml HRP to load the lytic granules. After 30 min. conjugation to P815 target cells with anti-CD3 antibodies the sample was fixed and processed for DAB-cytochemistry and post-fixed with reduced osmium. The serial section was stained with lead citrate for 8 min. |
凍結 | 凍結剤: NONE |
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電子顕微鏡法
顕微鏡 | FEI TECNAI F30 |
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特殊光学系 | エネルギーフィルター - 名称: GIF エネルギーフィルター - エネルギー下限: 0.0 eV エネルギーフィルター - エネルギー上限: 20.0 eV |
詳細 | double tilt series |
日付 | 2005年11月8日 |
撮影 | カテゴリ: CCD フィルム・検出器のモデル: GENERIC GATAN (2k x 2k) |
電子線 | 加速電圧: 300 kV / 電子線源: ![]() |
電子光学系 | 倍率(補正後): 6200 / 照射モード: FLOOD BEAM / 撮影モード: BRIGHT FIELD / Cs: 2.2 mm / 最大 デフォーカス(公称値): 5.2 µm / 最小 デフォーカス(公称値): 4.8 µm / 倍率(公称値): 5600 |
試料ステージ | 試料ホルダー: flip-flop holder / 試料ホルダーモデル: OTHER / Tilt series - Axis1 - Min angle: -68.0 ° / Tilt series - Axis1 - Max angle: 68.0 ° / Tilt series - Axis1 - Angle increment: 1 ° |
実験機器 | ![]() モデル: Tecnai F30 / 画像提供: FEI Company |
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画像解析
詳細 | double tilt series |
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最終 再構成 | アルゴリズム: OTHER / 解像度のタイプ: BY AUTHOR / 解像度: 50.0 Å / 解像度の算出法: OTHER / ソフトウェア - 名称: ![]() 詳細: dual-axis tomograms were matched and merged to give a final map with reduced missing "cone" 使用した粒子像数: 1 |