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- PDB-9i81: SARS-CoV-2 RdRp bound to a stack of three HeE1-2Tyr molecules -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9i81
TitleSARS-CoV-2 RdRp bound to a stack of three HeE1-2Tyr molecules
Components
  • Non-structural protein 7
  • Non-structural protein 8
  • RNA-directed RNA polymerase nsp12
KeywordsVIRAL PROTEIN / SARS-CoV-2 RdRp Small molecule inhibitor
Function / homology
Function and homology information


protein guanylyltransferase activity / RNA endonuclease activity producing 3'-phosphomonoesters, hydrolytic mechanism / 5'-3' RNA helicase activity / Lyases; Phosphorus-oxygen lyases / mRNA guanylyltransferase activity / Assembly of the SARS-CoV-2 Replication-Transcription Complex (RTC) / symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of TBK1 activity / Maturation of replicase proteins / TRAF3-dependent IRF activation pathway / ISG15-specific peptidase activity ...protein guanylyltransferase activity / RNA endonuclease activity producing 3'-phosphomonoesters, hydrolytic mechanism / 5'-3' RNA helicase activity / Lyases; Phosphorus-oxygen lyases / mRNA guanylyltransferase activity / Assembly of the SARS-CoV-2 Replication-Transcription Complex (RTC) / symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of TBK1 activity / Maturation of replicase proteins / TRAF3-dependent IRF activation pathway / ISG15-specific peptidase activity / Transcription of SARS-CoV-2 sgRNAs / snRNP Assembly / Translation of Replicase and Assembly of the Replication Transcription Complex / Replication of the SARS-CoV-2 genome / Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds; Exoribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters / double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membrane / SARS coronavirus main proteinase / host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment / host cell endosome / 3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activity / 5'-3' DNA helicase activity / symbiont-mediated degradation of host mRNA / mRNA guanylyltransferase / symbiont-mediated suppression of host ISG15-protein conjugation / symbiont-mediated suppression of host toll-like receptor signaling pathway / G-quadruplex RNA binding / symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of IRF3 activity / omega peptidase activity / mRNA (guanine-N7)-methyltransferase / methyltransferase cap1 / SARS-CoV-2 modulates host translation machinery / symbiont-mediated suppression of host NF-kappaB cascade / host cell Golgi apparatus / DNA helicase / symbiont-mediated perturbation of host ubiquitin-like protein modification / methyltransferase cap1 activity / ubiquitinyl hydrolase 1 / mRNA 5'-cap (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity / cysteine-type deubiquitinase activity / Hydrolases; Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases); Cysteine endopeptidases / lyase activity / single-stranded RNA binding / viral protein processing / host cell perinuclear region of cytoplasm / host cell endoplasmic reticulum membrane / RNA helicase / symbiont-mediated suppression of host type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway / copper ion binding / symbiont-mediated suppression of host gene expression / symbiont-mediated activation of host autophagy / viral translational frameshifting / RNA-directed RNA polymerase / cysteine-type endopeptidase activity / viral RNA genome replication / RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity / DNA-templated transcription / lipid binding / host cell nucleus / SARS-CoV-2 activates/modulates innate and adaptive immune responses / ATP hydrolysis activity / proteolysis / RNA binding / zinc ion binding / ATP binding
Similarity search - Function
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, SARS-CoV-like / Nonstructural protein 14, betacoronavirus / Coronavirus Nsp6 transmembrane protein profile. / Coronavirus Nsp4 ectodomain (4Ecto) profile. / NSP15, NendoU domain, coronavirus / Nonstructural protein 15, middle domain, alpha/betacoronavirus / Nonstructural protein 15, N-terminal domain, alpha/beta-coronavirus / NSP14, guanine-N7-methyltransferase domain, coronavirus / Coronavirus (CoV) guanine-N7-methyltransferase (N7-MTase) domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp15 N-terminal oligomerization domain profile. ...RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, SARS-CoV-like / Nonstructural protein 14, betacoronavirus / Coronavirus Nsp6 transmembrane protein profile. / Coronavirus Nsp4 ectodomain (4Ecto) profile. / NSP15, NendoU domain, coronavirus / Nonstructural protein 15, middle domain, alpha/betacoronavirus / Nonstructural protein 15, N-terminal domain, alpha/beta-coronavirus / NSP14, guanine-N7-methyltransferase domain, coronavirus / Coronavirus (CoV) guanine-N7-methyltransferase (N7-MTase) domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp15 N-terminal oligomerization domain profile. / NSP12 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, coronavirus / : / Coronavirus Nsp12 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain profile. / Coronavirus Nsp12 Interface domain profile. / : / : / Coronavirus Nonstructural protein 13, 1B domain / Coronavirus Non-structural protein 13, zinc-binding domain / Coronavirus Nonstructural protein 13, stalk domain / Nidovirus 2-O-methyltransferase / Nidovirus 2'-O-methyltransferase (2'-O-MTase) domain profile. / Non-structural protein NSP15, N-terminal domain superfamily, coronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP15, middle domain superfamily / Coronavirus replicase NSP15, N-terminal oligomerization / Nonstructural protein 15, middle domain, coronavirus / Nonstructural protein 13, 1B domain, coronavirus / Coronavirus replicase NSP15, middle domain / Coronavirus replicase NSP15, N-terminal oligomerisation / Nidovirus 3'-5' exoribonuclease domain / Nidovirus 3'-5' exoribonuclease (ExoN) domain profile. / Non-structural protein NSP16, coronavirus-like / Non-structural protein 14, coronavirus / RNA polymerase, N-terminal, coronavirus / Coronavirus 2'-O-methyltransferase / Coronavirus proofreading exoribonuclease / Coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, N-terminal / Nonstructural protein 13, zinc-binding domain, coronavirus-like / Coronaviridae zinc-binding (CV ZBD) domain profile. / Arterivirus Nsp11 N-terminal/Coronavirus NSP15 middle domain / Arterivirus Nsp11 N-terminal/coronavirus NSP15 middle (AV-Nsp11N/CoV-Nsp15M) domain profile. / Nidoviral uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (NendoU) domain profile. / Nidovirus RdRp-associated nucleotidyl transferase (NiRAN) domain / Nidovirus RdRp-associated nucleotidyl transferase (NiRAN) domain profile. / Endoribonuclease EndoU-like / NendoU domain, nidovirus / Coronavirus replicase NSP15, uridylate-specific endoribonuclease / : / Lipocalin signature. / DNA2/NAM7 helicase-like, C-terminal / AAA domain / (+) RNA virus helicase core domain / (+)RNA virus helicase core domain profile. / Non-structural protein NSP3, SUD-N (Mac2) domain, betacoronavirus / Sarbecovirus Nsp3c-N domain profile. / Non-structural protein NSP3, N-terminal, betacoronavirus / Polyprotein cleavage domain PL2pro superfamily, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3, SUD-N (Mac2) domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Betacoronavirus SUD-C domain / Betacoronavirus replicase NSP3, N-terminal / NSP1 globular domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein 2, SARS-CoV-like / Betacoronavirus single-stranded poly(A) binding domain / Betacoronavirus Nsp3c-M domain profile. / NSP1, globular domain, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3, SUD-M domain, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3, SUD-M domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Betacoronavirus replicase NSP1 / NSP1, C-terminal domain, betacoronavirus / Betacoronavirus (BetaCoV) Nsp1 C-terminal domain profile. / : / Betacoronavirus Nsp3e group 2-specific marker (G2M) domain profile. / Betacoronavirus Nsp3c-C domain profile. / Betacoronavirus Nsp3e nucleic acid-binding (NAB) domain profile. / DPUP/SUD, C-terminal, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3, nucleic acid-binding domain, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3A domain-like superfamily / Non-structural protein NSP3, nucleic acid-binding domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein 6, betacoronavirus / Betacoronavirus nucleic acid-binding (NAB) / Papain-like viral protease, palm and finger domains, coronavirus / Papain-like protease, N-terminal domain superfamily, coronavirus / Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase subdomain signature 2. / : / Coronavirus replicase NSP2, N-terminal / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp2 middle domain profile. / NSP1, globular domain, alpha/betacoronavirus / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp1 globular domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp2 N-terminal domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp2 C-terminal domain profile. / Nonstructural protein 2, N-terminal domain, coronavirus / Non-structural protein 2, C-terminal domain, coronavirus / NSP3, second ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain, coronavirus / Coronavirus Nsp3a Ubl domain profile. / Coronavirus Nsp3d Ubl domain profile. / NSP3, first ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain, coronavirus / Peptidase family C16 domain profile. / Coronavirus replicase NSP7 / : / : / Coronavirus Nsp3 ectodomain (3Ecto) profile.
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Chem-6CJ / Replicase polyprotein 1ab
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.98 Å
AuthorsKabinger, F. / Doze, V. / Schmitzova, J. / Lidschreiber, M. / Dienemann, C. / Cramer, P.
Funding support Germany, 2items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Max Planck Society Germany
Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds (BIF) Germany
CitationJournal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A / Year: 2025
Title: Structural basis of SARS-CoV-2 polymerase inhibition by nonnucleoside inhibitor HeE1-2Tyr.
Authors: Florian Kabinger / Valerie Doze / Jana Schmitzová / Michael Lidschreiber / Christian Dienemann / Patrick Cramer /
Abstract: Targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2 with small molecules is a promising therapeutic strategy against COVID-19, but potent and safe inhibitors are lacking. HeE1-2Tyr, a ...Targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2 with small molecules is a promising therapeutic strategy against COVID-19, but potent and safe inhibitors are lacking. HeE1-2Tyr, a nonnucleoside inhibitor of Dengue virus RdRp, was also shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 RdRp in vitro and to have antiviral activity in cells, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we elucidate the molecular mechanism of HeE1-2Tyr-mediated SARS-CoV-2 RdRp inhibition. Biochemical assays confirm that HeE1-2Tyr inhibits RdRp with an IC of 5 µM and show that it competes with RNA binding to RdRp in vitro. Structural analysis using cryo-EM reveals that a stack of three HeE1-2Tyr molecules binds to the RNA binding site of RdRp. The identification of the conserved HeE1-2Tyr binding site and its intriguing inhibition mechanism of three stacked molecules that outcompete RNA may facilitate further development of pan-corona nonnucleoside inhibitors.
History
DepositionFeb 4, 2025Deposition site: PDBE / Processing site: PDBE
Revision 1.0Mar 5, 2025Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Revision 1.1Mar 19, 2025Group: Data collection / Database references / Category: citation / citation_author / em_admin
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Revision 1.2Mar 26, 2025Group: Data collection / Category: em_admin / Item: _em_admin.last_update

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: RNA-directed RNA polymerase nsp12
B: Non-structural protein 8
C: Non-structural protein 7
D: Non-structural protein 8
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)166,1327
Polymers164,3844
Non-polymers1,7483
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

#1: Protein RNA-directed RNA polymerase nsp12 / Pol / RdRp / Non-structural protein 12 / nsp12


Mass: 106780.977 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Gene: rep, 1a-1b / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
References: UniProt: P0DTD1, RNA-directed RNA polymerase, mRNA guanylyltransferase
#2: Protein Non-structural protein 8 / nsp8


Mass: 24161.445 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Gene: rep, 1a-1b / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P0DTD1
#3: Protein Non-structural protein 7 / nsp7


Mass: 9279.776 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Gene: rep, 1a-1b / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P0DTD1
#4: Chemical ChemComp-6CJ / N-[8-(cyclohexyloxy)-1-oxo-2-phenyl-1H-pyrido[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazole-4-carbonyl]-L-tyrosine


Mass: 582.666 Da / Num. of mol.: 3 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C33H30N2O6S / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Coexpressed SARS-CoV-2 RdRp in the presence of 50 uM HeE1-2Tyr
Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#3 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Source (natural)Organism: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Source (recombinant)Organism: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / Plasmid: #165451
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: DARK FIELD / Nominal magnification: 105000 X / Nominal defocus max: 2200 nm / Nominal defocus min: 400 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 57.9 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k)

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Processing

EM softwareName: PHENIX / Version: 1.19.2_4158 / Category: model refinement
CTF correctionType: NONE
3D reconstructionResolution: 2.98 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 189000 / Symmetry type: POINT

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