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- PDB-9h4l: dCas9 bound to off-target 2 EMX1-1 (-)SC DNA minicircle -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9h4l
TitledCas9 bound to off-target 2 EMX1-1 (-)SC DNA minicircle
Components
  • CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9/Csn1
  • EMX1-1 sgRNA
  • Non-Target Strand
  • Target Strand
KeywordsHYDROLASE / dCas9 / Cas9 / on-target / off-target / EMX1-1 / negatively supercoiled / diamond ring
Function / homology
Function and homology information


maintenance of CRISPR repeat elements / 3'-5' exonuclease activity / DNA endonuclease activity / defense response to virus / Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds / DNA binding / RNA binding / metal ion binding
Similarity search - Function
CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9, bridge helix / Bridge helix of CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9 / CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9, PAM-interacting domain / CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9, REC lobe / REC lobe of CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9 / PAM-interacting domain of CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9 / : / Cas9 RuvC domain / HNH endonuclease / CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9 ...CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9, bridge helix / Bridge helix of CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9 / CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9, PAM-interacting domain / CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9, REC lobe / REC lobe of CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9 / PAM-interacting domain of CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9 / : / Cas9 RuvC domain / HNH endonuclease / CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9 / Cas9-type HNH domain / Cas9-type HNH domain profile. / HNH nuclease / Ribonuclease H superfamily
Similarity search - Domain/homology
DNA / DNA (> 10) / RNA / RNA (> 10) / CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9/Csn1
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesStreptococcus pyogenes (bacteria)
synthetic construct (others)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.9 Å
AuthorsSmith, Q.M. / Rueda, D.
Funding support United Kingdom, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Medical Research Council (MRC, United Kingdom)UKRI MC-A658-5TY10 United Kingdom
CitationJournal: Nature / Year: 2026
Title: Structural basis of supercoiling-induced CRISPR-Cas9 off-target activity.
Authors: Quentin M Smith / Sylvia Whittle / Ricardo J Aramayo / Daniel E Rollins / Adam S B Jalal / Deborah I Egharevba / Kyle L Morris / Alice L B Pyne / David S Rueda /
Abstract: CRISPR-Cas9 is a powerful genome-editing tool, but genome-wide off-target activity can hinder therapeutic applications. Negative supercoiling ((-)SC) has been implicated in off-target activity, but a ...CRISPR-Cas9 is a powerful genome-editing tool, but genome-wide off-target activity can hinder therapeutic applications. Negative supercoiling ((-)SC) has been implicated in off-target activity, but a molecular-level understanding is lacking. Here, using (-)SC DNA minicircles, we observe supercoiling-driven structural defects in the DNA that are resolved by Cas9 binding. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of Cas9 bound in both the on-target and off-target configurations highlight that the Cas9 HNH domain is poised in a more catalytically competent conformation. New DNA-RNA mismatch geometries are accommodated across the protospacer and structural plasticity in the protospacer adjacent motif distal region of the protospacer is topology dependent. Together, our study reveals the molecular basis for (-)SC-induced Cas9 targeting and provides a framework for the design of next-generation high-fidelity CRISPR effectors with topological context.
History
DepositionOct 20, 2024Deposition site: PDBE / Processing site: PDBE
Revision 1.0Apr 1, 2026Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 1, 2026Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 1, 2026Data content type: FSC / Data content type: FSC / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 1, 2026Data content type: Half map / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 1, 2026Data content type: Half map / Part number: 2 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 1, 2026Data content type: Image / Data content type: Image / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 1, 2026Data content type: Primary map / Data content type: Primary map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.1Apr 8, 2026Group: Data collection / Database references / Category: citation / citation_author / em_admin
Item: _citation.pdbx_database_id_PubMed / _citation.title / _em_admin.last_update
Revision 1.1Apr 8, 2026Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata / Group: Database references / Experimental summary / Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata / Category: citation / citation_author / em_admin / Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata
Item: _citation.pdbx_database_id_PubMed / _citation.title / _em_admin.last_update

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9/Csn1
B: EMX1-1 sgRNA
C: Target Strand
D: Non-Target Strand


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)194,9994
Polymers194,9994
Non-polymers00
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

#1: Protein CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9/Csn1 / SpCas9 / SpyCas9


Mass: 158352.500 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Streptococcus pyogenes (bacteria) / Gene: cas9, csn1, SPy_1046 / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
References: UniProt: Q99ZW2, Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds
#2: RNA chain EMX1-1 sgRNA


Mass: 28810.205 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) synthetic construct (others)
#3: DNA chain Target Strand


Mass: 5320.427 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) synthetic construct (others)
#4: DNA chain Non-Target Strand


Mass: 2515.679 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) synthetic construct (others)
Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: dCas9 EMX1-1 on-target complex on a negatively supercoiled DNA minicircle
Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #2-#4, #1 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightValue: 0.160 MDa / Experimental value: YES
Source (natural)Organism: Streptococcus pyogenes (bacteria)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Buffer solutionpH: 8
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 3000 nm / Nominal defocus min: 500 nm / Cs: 2.7 mm
Image recordingElectron dose: 41 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k)

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Processing

EM softwareName: PHENIX / Version: 1.20.1_4487: / Category: model refinement
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.9 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 667106 / Symmetry type: POINT
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.00312396
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.66317228
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d13.1262585
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.041993
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0051770

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