Journal: bioRxiv / Year: 2024 Title: A stargate mechanism of genome delivery unveiled by cryogenic electron tomography. Authors: Pavol Bardy / Conor I W MacDonald / Paul C Kirchberger / Huw T Jenkins / Tibor Botka / Lewis Byrom / Nawshin T B Alim / Daouda A K Traore / Hannah C König / Tristan R Nicholas / Maria ...Authors: Pavol Bardy / Conor I W MacDonald / Paul C Kirchberger / Huw T Jenkins / Tibor Botka / Lewis Byrom / Nawshin T B Alim / Daouda A K Traore / Hannah C König / Tristan R Nicholas / Maria Chechik / Samuel J Hart / Johan P Turkenburg / James N Blaza / J Thomas Beatty / Paul C M Fogg / Alfred A Antson / Abstract: Single-stranded DNA bacteriophages of the family are major components of the global virosphere. Microviruses are highly abundant in aquatic ecosystems and are prominent members of the mammalian gut ...Single-stranded DNA bacteriophages of the family are major components of the global virosphere. Microviruses are highly abundant in aquatic ecosystems and are prominent members of the mammalian gut microbiome, where their diversity has been linked to various chronic health disorders. Despite the clear importance of microviruses, little is known about the molecular mechanism of host infection. Here, we have characterized an exceptionally large microvirus, Ebor, and provide crucial insights into long-standing mechanistic questions. Cryogenic electron microscopy of Ebor revealed a capsid with trimeric protrusions that recognise lipopolysaccharides on the host surface. Cryogenic electron tomography of the host cell colonized with virus particles demonstrated that the virus initially attaches to the cell via five such protrusions, located at the corners of a single pentamer. This interaction triggers a stargate mechanism of capsid opening along the 5-fold symmetry axis, enabling delivery of the virus genome. Despite variations in specific virus-host interactions among different family viruses, structural data indicate that the stargate mechanism of infection is universally employed by all members of the family. Startlingly, our data reveal a mechanistic link for the opening of relatively small capsids made out of a single jelly-roll fold with the structurally unrelated giant viruses.
Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 295.15 K / Details: blot time 2 sec, blot force 0, wait time 8 sec
-
Electron microscopy imaging
Microscopy
Model: TFS GLACIOS
Electron gun
Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 200 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lens
Mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2500 nm / Nominal defocus min: 500 nm / Alignment procedure: COMA FREE
Electron dose: 50 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: FEI FALCON IV (4k x 4k) / Num. of grids imaged: 1 / Num. of real images: 1099
-
Processing
EM software
ID
Name
Version
Category
1
RELION
3.1
particleselection
2
EPU
imageacquisition
4
CTFFIND
4
CTFcorrection
7
Coot
0.9.8.5
modelfitting
9
PHENIX
1.20.1
modelrefinement
10
RELION
3.1.
initialEulerassignment
11
RELION
3.1
finalEulerassignment
13
RELION
3.1
3Dreconstruction
CTF correction
Type: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Particle selection
Num. of particles selected: 3976
Symmetry
Point symmetry: I (icosahedral)
3D reconstruction
Resolution: 3.3 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 1984 / Algorithm: FOURIER SPACE / Num. of class averages: 1 / Symmetry type: POINT
Atomic model building
Protocol: AB INITIO MODEL / Space: REAL
Atomic model building
Source name: AlphaFold / Type: in silico model
Refine LS restraints
Refine-ID
Type
Dev ideal
Number
ELECTRONMICROSCOPY
f_bond_d
0.002
34470
ELECTRONMICROSCOPY
f_angle_d
0.474
46980
ELECTRONMICROSCOPY
f_dihedral_angle_d
11.123
12910
ELECTRONMICROSCOPY
f_chiral_restr
0.048
5460
ELECTRONMICROSCOPY
f_plane_restr
0.004
6190
+
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