Journal: J Biol Chem / Year: 2023 Title: Conformational dynamics control assembly of an extremely long bacteriophage tail tube. Authors: Emily Agnello / Joshua Pajak / Xingchen Liu / Brian A Kelch / Abstract: Tail tube assembly is an essential step in the lifecycle of long-tailed bacteriophages. Limited structural and biophysical information has impeded an understanding of assembly and stability of their ...Tail tube assembly is an essential step in the lifecycle of long-tailed bacteriophages. Limited structural and biophysical information has impeded an understanding of assembly and stability of their long, flexible tail tubes. The hyperthermophilic phage P74-26 is particularly intriguing as it has the longest tail of any known virus (nearly 1 μm) and is the most thermostable known phage. Here, we use structures of the P74-26 tail tube along with an in vitro system for studying tube assembly kinetics to propose the first molecular model for the tail tube assembly of long-tailed phages. Our high-resolution cryo-EM structure provides insight into how the P74-26 phage assembles through flexible loops that fit into neighboring rings through tight "ball-and-socket"-like interactions. Guided by this structure, and in combination with mutational, light scattering, and molecular dynamics simulations data, we propose a model for the assembly of conserved tube-like structures across phage and other entities possessing tail tube-like proteins. We propose that formation of a full ring promotes the adoption of a tube elongation-competent conformation among the flexible loops and their corresponding sockets, which is further stabilized by an adjacent ring. Tail assembly is controlled by the cooperative interaction of dynamic intraring and interring contacts. Given the structural conservation among tail tube proteins and tail-like structures, our model can explain the mechanism of high-fidelity assembly of long, stable tubes.
A: Tail Tube Protein gp93 B: Tail Tube Protein gp93 C: Tail Tube Protein gp93 D: Tail Tube Protein gp93 E: Tail Tube Protein gp93 F: Tail Tube Protein gp93
Empty: NO / Enveloped: NO / Isolate: SPECIES / Type: VIRION
Natural host
Organism: Thermus thermophilus
Virus shell
Triangulation number (T number): 7
Buffer solution
pH: 8
Buffer component
ID
Conc.
Name
Formula
Buffer-ID
1
50mM
Tris
C4H11NO3
1
2
10mM
SodiumChloride
NaCl
1
3
10mM
MagnesiumChloride
MgCl2
1
Specimen
Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES / Details: Specimen concentration = 1 x 10^10 PFU/mL
Specimen support
Details: Grids were glow discharged at 25 mA for 60 sec with negative polarity. Grid material: COPPER / Grid mesh size: 400 divisions/in. / Grid type: C-flat
Vitrification
Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 90 % / Chamber temperature: 283.15 K
-
Electron microscopy imaging
Experimental equipment
Model: Talos Arctica / Image courtesy: FEI Company
Microscopy
Model: FEI TALOS ARCTICA
Electron gun
Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 200 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lens
Mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal magnification: 45000 X / Nominal defocus max: 1500 nm / Nominal defocus min: 500 nm / Cs: 2.7 mm / Alignment procedure: COMA FREE
Specimen holder
Cryogen: NITROGEN
Image recording
Electron dose: 37.9644 e/Å2 / Detector mode: SUPER-RESOLUTION / Film or detector model: GATAN K2 SUMMIT (4k x 4k) / Num. of grids imaged: 1 / Num. of real images: 2127
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