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- PDB-7u97: SAAV pH 4.0 capsid structure -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 7u97
TitleSAAV pH 4.0 capsid structure
ComponentsCapsid protein
KeywordsVIRUS LIKE PARTICLE / Capsid / AAV / gene therapy / receptor / endosomal trafficking / antigenicity
Function / homologyPhospholipase A2-like domain / Phospholipase A2-like domain / Parvovirus coat protein VP2 / Parvovirus coat protein VP1/VP2 / Parvovirus coat protein VP2 / Capsid/spike protein, ssDNA virus / T=1 icosahedral viral capsid / structural molecule activity / Capsid protein
Function and homology information
Biological speciesSnake adeno-associated virus
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.66 Å
AuthorsMietzsch, M. / McKenna, R.
Funding support United States, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)GM082946 United States
CitationJournal: J Virol / Year: 2022
Title: Characterization of the Serpentine Adeno-Associated Virus (SAAV) Capsid Structure: Receptor Interactions and Antigenicity.
Authors: Mario Mietzsch / Joshua A Hull / Victoria E Makal / Alberto Jimenez Ybargollin / Jennifer C Yu / Kedrick McKissock / Antonette Bennett / Judit Penzes / Bridget Lins-Austin / Qian Yu / Paul ...Authors: Mario Mietzsch / Joshua A Hull / Victoria E Makal / Alberto Jimenez Ybargollin / Jennifer C Yu / Kedrick McKissock / Antonette Bennett / Judit Penzes / Bridget Lins-Austin / Qian Yu / Paul Chipman / Nilakshee Bhattacharya / Duncan Sousa / David Strugatsky / Peter Tijssen / Robert McKenna / Mavis Agbandje-McKenna /
Abstract: Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are being developed as clinical gene therapy vectors. One issue undermining their broad use in the clinical setting is the high prevalence of circulating antibodies in ...Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are being developed as clinical gene therapy vectors. One issue undermining their broad use in the clinical setting is the high prevalence of circulating antibodies in the general population capable of neutralizing AAV vectors. Hence, there is a need for AAV vectors that can evade the preexisting immune response. One possible source of human naive vectors are AAVs that do not disseminate in the primate population, and one such example is serpentine AAV (SAAV). This study characterizes the structural and biophysical properties of the SAAV capsid and its receptor interactions and antigenicity. Single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and thermal stability studies were conducted to characterize the SAAV capsid structure at pH 7.4, 6.0, 5.5, and 4.0, conditions experienced during cellular trafficking. Cell binding assays using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines identified terminal sialic acid as the primary attachment receptor for SAAV similar to AAV1, 4, 5, and 6. The binding site of sialic acid to the SAAV capsid was mapped near the 2-fold axis toward the 2/5-fold wall, in a different location than AAV1, 4, 5, and 6. Towards determining the SAAV capsid antigenicity native immunodot blots showed that SAAV evades AAV serotype-specific mouse monoclonal antibodies. However, despite its reptilian origin, it was recognized by ~25% of 50 human sera tested, likely due to the presence of cross-reactive antibodies. These findings will inform future gene delivery applications using SAAV-based vectors and further aid the structural characterization and annotation of the repertoire of available AAV capsids. AAVs are widely studied therapeutic gene delivery vectors. However, preexisting antibodies and their detrimental effect on therapeutic efficacy are a primary challenge encountered during clinical trials. In order to circumvent preexisting neutralizing antibodies targeting mammalian AAV capsids, serpentine AAV (SAAV) was evaluated as a potential alternative to existing mammalian therapeutic vectors. The SAAV capsid was found to be thermostable at a wide range of environmental pH conditions, and its structure showed conservation of the core capsid topology but displays high structural variability on the surface. At the same time, it binds to a common receptor, sialic acid, that is also utilized by other AAVs already being utilized in gene therapy trials. Contrary to the initial hypothesis, SAAV capsids were recognized by one in four human sera tested, pointing to conserved amino acids around the 5-fold region as epitopes for cross-reacting antibodies.
History
DepositionMar 10, 2022Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Apr 13, 2022Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.1May 25, 2022Group: Database references / Category: citation / citation_author
Item: _citation.country / _citation.journal_abbrev ..._citation.country / _citation.journal_abbrev / _citation.journal_id_ASTM / _citation.journal_id_CSD / _citation.journal_id_ISSN / _citation.page_first / _citation.page_last / _citation.pdbx_database_id_DOI / _citation.pdbx_database_id_PubMed / _citation.title / _citation.year / _citation_author.identifier_ORCID / _citation_author.name
Revision 1.2Jun 22, 2022Group: Database references / Category: citation / Item: _citation.journal_volume
Revision 1.3Feb 14, 2024Group: Data collection / Category: chem_comp_atom / chem_comp_bond

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Capsid protein
B: Capsid protein
C: Capsid protein
D: Capsid protein
E: Capsid protein
F: Capsid protein
G: Capsid protein
H: Capsid protein
I: Capsid protein
J: Capsid protein
K: Capsid protein
L: Capsid protein
M: Capsid protein
N: Capsid protein
O: Capsid protein
P: Capsid protein
Q: Capsid protein
R: Capsid protein
S: Capsid protein
T: Capsid protein
U: Capsid protein
V: Capsid protein
W: Capsid protein
X: Capsid protein
Y: Capsid protein
Z: Capsid protein
a: Capsid protein
b: Capsid protein
c: Capsid protein
d: Capsid protein
e: Capsid protein
f: Capsid protein
g: Capsid protein
h: Capsid protein
i: Capsid protein
j: Capsid protein
k: Capsid protein
l: Capsid protein
m: Capsid protein
n: Capsid protein
o: Capsid protein
p: Capsid protein
q: Capsid protein
r: Capsid protein
s: Capsid protein
t: Capsid protein
u: Capsid protein
v: Capsid protein
w: Capsid protein
x: Capsid protein
y: Capsid protein
z: Capsid protein
1: Capsid protein
2: Capsid protein
3: Capsid protein
4: Capsid protein
5: Capsid protein
6: Capsid protein
7: Capsid protein
8: Capsid protein


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)3,433,03260
Polymers3,433,03260
Non-polymers00
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

#1: Protein ...
Capsid protein


Mass: 57217.203 Da / Num. of mol.: 60 / Fragment: UNP residues 206-726
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Snake adeno-associated virus / Gene: VP1 / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) / References: UniProt: Q6V7U2

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Snake adeno-associated virus / Type: VIRUS / Entity ID: all / Source: RECOMBINANT
Source (natural)Organism: Snake adeno-associated virus
Source (recombinant)Organism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
Details of virusEmpty: YES / Enveloped: NO / Isolate: OTHER / Type: VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLE
Buffer solutionpH: 4
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TITAN KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 3000 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1000 nm / Cs: 2.7 mm
Image recordingElectron dose: 60 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k)

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Processing

SoftwareName: PHENIX / Version: 1.10-2155_2155: / Classification: refinement
EM softwareName: cisTEM / Category: 3D reconstruction
CTF correctionType: NONE
SymmetryPoint symmetry: I (icosahedral)
3D reconstructionResolution: 2.66 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 149155 / Symmetry type: POINT
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.01250020
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.842341280
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d7.802196980
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.05735580
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.00645360

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