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- EMDB-70357: Structure of the MOR/Gi/Lofentanil Complex, GTP-bound G-Primed -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-70357
TitleStructure of the MOR/Gi/Lofentanil Complex, GTP-bound G-Primed
Map dataGlobal Map
Sample
  • Complex: Mu Opioid Receptor Gi1 heterotrimer complex
    • Complex: Gi1 heterotrimer
      • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
      • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
      • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1
    • Complex: Mu Opioid Receptor
      • Protein or peptide: Mu-type opioid receptor
  • Ligand: Lofentanil
  • Ligand: GUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE
  • Ligand: MAGNESIUM ION
KeywordsGPCR / Complex / Agonist / MEMBRANE PROTEIN
Function / homology
Function and homology information


Opioid Signalling / spine apparatus / sperm ejaculation / positive regulation of appetite / G-protein activation / Peptide ligand-binding receptors / beta-endorphin receptor activity / morphine receptor activity / negative regulation of Wnt protein secretion / adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway ...Opioid Signalling / spine apparatus / sperm ejaculation / positive regulation of appetite / G-protein activation / Peptide ligand-binding receptors / beta-endorphin receptor activity / morphine receptor activity / negative regulation of Wnt protein secretion / adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway / negative regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion / G protein-coupled opioid receptor activity / G alpha (i) signalling events / G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway / negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process / regulation of cellular response to stress / negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway / behavioral response to ethanol / regulation of NMDA receptor activity / positive regulation of neurogenesis / neuropeptide binding / eating behavior / negative regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration / transmission of nerve impulse / social behavior / G-protein alpha-subunit binding / voltage-gated calcium channel activity / regulation of eating behavior / adenylate cyclase inhibitor activity / positive regulation of gluconeogenesis / T cell migration / positive regulation of protein localization to cell cortex / presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission / positive regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle / Adenylate cyclase inhibitory pathway / sensory perception of pain / D2 dopamine receptor binding / T-tubule / adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway / G protein-coupled serotonin receptor binding / dendrite cytoplasm / dendrite membrane / excitatory postsynaptic potential / cellular response to forskolin / regulation of mitotic spindle organization / locomotory behavior / mast cell degranulation / chemokine-mediated signaling pathway / sarcoplasmic reticulum / neuropeptide signaling pathway / Regulation of insulin secretion / response to prostaglandin E / positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process / sarcolemma / G protein-coupled receptor binding / response to peptide hormone / GABA-ergic synapse / G protein-coupled receptor activity / G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding / adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / Olfactory Signaling Pathway / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway / G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta / Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / G-protein activation / Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor / Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) / GDP binding / G beta:gamma signalling through BTK / photoreceptor disc membrane / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / G alpha (z) signalling events / cellular response to catecholamine stimulus / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production / adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus / GPER1 signaling / heterotrimeric G-protein complex / Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade / G alpha (12/13) signalling events / G-protein beta-subunit binding / extracellular vesicle / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs)
Similarity search - Function
Mu opioid receptor / Opioid receptor / G-protein alpha subunit, group I / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G protein alpha subunit / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G-protein alpha subunit / G-alpha domain profile. / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. ...Mu opioid receptor / Opioid receptor / G-protein alpha subunit, group I / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G protein alpha subunit / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G-protein alpha subunit / G-alpha domain profile. / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain / G-protein gamma-like domain superfamily / GGL domain / G protein gamma subunit-like motifs / GGL domain / G protein beta WD-40 repeat protein / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit / G-protein, beta subunit / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 signature. / 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family) / G protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin-like / GPCR, rhodopsin-like, 7TM / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 profile. / G-protein beta WD-40 repeat / WD40 repeat, conserved site / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats signature. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats profile. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats circular profile. / WD40 repeats / WD40 repeat / WD40-repeat-containing domain superfamily / WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain superfamily / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Mu-type opioid receptor / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human) / Mus musculus (house mouse)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.4 Å
AuthorsRobertson MJ / Skiniotis G
Funding support United States, 2 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NIH/NICHD)HD107581 United States
Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT)RR230042 United States
CitationJournal: Nature / Year: 2026
Title: Non-equilibrium snapshots of ligand efficacy at the μ-opioid receptor.
Authors: Michael J Robertson / Arnab Modak / Makaía M Papasergi-Scott / Miaohui Hu / Maria Claudia Peroto / Balazs R Varga / Susruta Majumdar / Ravi Kalathur / Scott C Blanchard / Georgios Skiniotis /
Abstract: Distinct ligands for the same G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activate intracellular signalling partners to varying extents, but the molecular mechanisms that drive these differences remain elusive. ...Distinct ligands for the same G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activate intracellular signalling partners to varying extents, but the molecular mechanisms that drive these differences remain elusive. Here, hypothesizing that such differences in signalling efficacy might be captured structurally in intermediate states under non-equilibrium conditions, we use a time-resolved cryo-electron-microscopy approach to visualize the GTP-induced activation of the Gαβγ heterotrimer by the μ-opioid receptor bound to three ligands that show partial, full or super agonism on the receptor. We resolve ensembles of conformational states along the G-protein activation pathway, including an intermediate state that enables us to visualize receptor dynamics as a function of bound ligand. The results reveal ligand-dependent differences in state occupancy and conformational stability, with higher ligand efficacy correlating with increased dynamics of the receptor's transmembrane helices 5 and 6. Furthermore, we identify key differences between G and G in the mechanism of GTP-induced activation, which are likely to underlie the distinct activation kinetics of these G-protein types. Corroborated by molecular-dynamics simulations and single-molecule fluorescence assays, our findings provide a dynamic structural landscape of GPCR-G-protein interactions for ligands of various efficacies, and suggest that partial agonists produce a 'kinetic trap' during G-protein activation.
History
DepositionApr 27, 2025-
Header (metadata) releaseMar 4, 2026-
Map releaseMar 4, 2026-
UpdateApr 29, 2026-
Current statusApr 29, 2026Processing site: RCSB / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Supplemental images

emd_70357.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_70357.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 209.3 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
AnnotationGlobal Map
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
Brightness
Contrast
Others
AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
0.96 Å/pix.
x 380 pix.
= 364.8 Å		0.96 Å/pix.
x 380 pix.
= 364.8 Å		0.96 Å/pix.
x 380 pix.
= 364.8 Å

Surface

Projections

Slices (1/3)

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Slices (2/3)

Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 0.96 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.414
Minimum - Maximum-2.9265969 - 4.859375
Average (Standard dev.)-0.000090642876 (±0.04615121)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions380380380
Spacing380380380
CellA=B=C: 364.8 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

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Supplemental data

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Additional map: Local Refinement Receptor/Alpha Res

Fileemd_70357_additional_1.map
AnnotationLocal Refinement Receptor/Alpha Res
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

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Half map: #2

Fileemd_70357_half_map_1.map
Projections & Slices
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Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Half map: #1

Fileemd_70357_half_map_2.map
Projections & Slices
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Sample components

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Entire : Mu Opioid Receptor Gi1 heterotrimer complex

EntireName: Mu Opioid Receptor Gi1 heterotrimer complex
Components
  • Complex: Mu Opioid Receptor Gi1 heterotrimer complex
    • Complex: Gi1 heterotrimer
      • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
      • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
      • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1
    • Complex: Mu Opioid Receptor
      • Protein or peptide: Mu-type opioid receptor
  • Ligand: Lofentanil
  • Ligand: GUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE
  • Ligand: MAGNESIUM ION

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Supramolecule #1: Mu Opioid Receptor Gi1 heterotrimer complex

SupramoleculeName: Mu Opioid Receptor Gi1 heterotrimer complex / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: #1-#4

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Supramolecule #2: Gi1 heterotrimer

SupramoleculeName: Gi1 heterotrimer / type: complex / ID: 2 / Parent: 1 / Macromolecule list: #1-#2, #4
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)

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Supramolecule #3: Mu Opioid Receptor

SupramoleculeName: Mu Opioid Receptor / type: complex / ID: 3 / Parent: 1 / Macromolecule list: #3
Source (natural)Organism: Mus musculus (house mouse)

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Macromolecule #1: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 37.671102 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: PGSSGSELDQ LRQEAEQLKN QIRDARKACA DATLSQITNN IDPVGRIQMR TRRTLRGHLA KIYAMHWGTD SRLLVSASQD GKLIIWDSY TTNKVHAIPL RSSWVMTCAY APSGNYVACG GLDNICSIYN LKTREGNVRV SRELAGHTGY LSCCRFLDDN Q IVTSSGDT ...String:
PGSSGSELDQ LRQEAEQLKN QIRDARKACA DATLSQITNN IDPVGRIQMR TRRTLRGHLA KIYAMHWGTD SRLLVSASQD GKLIIWDSY TTNKVHAIPL RSSWVMTCAY APSGNYVACG GLDNICSIYN LKTREGNVRV SRELAGHTGY LSCCRFLDDN Q IVTSSGDT TCALWDIETG QQTTTFTGHT GDVMSLSLAP DTRLFVSGAC DASAKLWDVR EGMCRQTFTG HESDINAICF FP NGNAFAT GSDDATCRLF DLRADQELMT YSHDNIICGI TSVSFSKSGR LLLAGYDDFN CNVWDALKAD RAGVLAGHDN RVS CLGVTD DGMAVATGSW DSFLKIWN

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

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Macromolecule #2: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 7.861143 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString:
MASNNTASIA QARKLVEQLK MEANIDRIKV SKAAADLMAY CEAHAKEDPL LTPVPASENP FREKKFFCAI L

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

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Macromolecule #3: Mu-type opioid receptor

MacromoleculeName: Mu-type opioid receptor / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Mus musculus (house mouse)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 47.910758 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: MKTIIALSYI FCLVFADYKD DDDAMGPGNI SDCSDPLAPA SCSPAPGSWL NLSHVDGNQS DPCGPNRTGL GGSHSLCPQT GSPSMVTAI TIMALYSIVC VVGLFGNFLV MYVIVRYTKM KTATNIYIFN LALADALATS TLPFQSVNYL MGTWPFGNIL C KIVISIDY ...String:
MKTIIALSYI FCLVFADYKD DDDAMGPGNI SDCSDPLAPA SCSPAPGSWL NLSHVDGNQS DPCGPNRTGL GGSHSLCPQT GSPSMVTAI TIMALYSIVC VVGLFGNFLV MYVIVRYTKM KTATNIYIFN LALADALATS TLPFQSVNYL MGTWPFGNIL C KIVISIDY YNMFTSIFTL CTMSVDRYIA VCHPVKALDF RTPRNAKIVN VCNWILSSAI GLPVMFMATT KYRQGSIDCT LT FSHPTWY WENLLKICVF IFAFIMPVLI ITVCYGLMIL RLKSVRMLSG SKEKDRNLRR ITRMVLVVVA VFIVCWTPIH IYV IIKALI TIPETTFQTV SWHFCIALGY TNSCLNPVLY AFLDENFKRC FREFCIPTSS TIEQQNSARI RQNTREHPST ANTV DRTNH QLENLEAETA PLPDIHHHHH H

UniProtKB: Mu-type opioid receptor

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Macromolecule #4: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 40.415031 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: MGCTLSAEDK AAVERSKMID RNLREDGEKA AREVKLLLLG AGESGKSTIV KQMKIIHEAG YSEEECKQYK AVVYSNTIQS IIAIIRAMG RLKIDFGDSA RADDARQLFV LAGAAEEGFM TAELAGVIKR LWKDSGVQAC FNRSREYQLN DSAAYYLNDL D RIAQPNYI ...String:
MGCTLSAEDK AAVERSKMID RNLREDGEKA AREVKLLLLG AGESGKSTIV KQMKIIHEAG YSEEECKQYK AVVYSNTIQS IIAIIRAMG RLKIDFGDSA RADDARQLFV LAGAAEEGFM TAELAGVIKR LWKDSGVQAC FNRSREYQLN DSAAYYLNDL D RIAQPNYI PTQQDVLRTR VKTTGIVETH FTFKDLHFKM FDVGGQRSER KKWIHCFEGV TAIIFCVALS DYDLVLAEDE EM NRMHESM KLFDSICNNK WFTDTSIILF LNKKDLFEEK IKKSPLTICY PEYAGSNTYE EAAAYIQCQF EDLNKRKDTK EIY THFTCA TDTKNVQFVF DAVTDVIIKN NLKDCGLF

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1

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Macromolecule #5: Lofentanil

MacromoleculeName: Lofentanil / type: ligand / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 1 / Formula: EID
Molecular weightTheoretical: 408.533 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-EID:
Lofentanil

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Macromolecule #6: GUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE

MacromoleculeName: GUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE / type: ligand / ID: 6 / Number of copies: 1 / Formula: GTP
Molecular weightTheoretical: 523.18 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-GTP:
GUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE / GTP, energy-carrying molecule*YM

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Macromolecule #7: MAGNESIUM ION

MacromoleculeName: MAGNESIUM ION / type: ligand / ID: 7 / Number of copies: 1 / Formula: MG
Molecular weightTheoretical: 24.305 Da

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

BufferpH: 7.5
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeTFS KRIOS
Image recordingFilm or detector model: FEI FALCON IV (4k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 50.0 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 1.8 µm / Nominal defocus min: 0.6 µm
Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Startup modelType of model: INSILICO MODEL
Final reconstructionResolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 2.4 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Software - Name: cryoSPARC / Number images used: 3286889
Initial angle assignmentType: ANGULAR RECONSTITUTION
Final angle assignmentType: ANGULAR RECONSTITUTION

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