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- EMDB-64205: Structure of Aegerolysin-L pore -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-64205
TitleStructure of Aegerolysin-L pore
Map data
Sample
  • Complex: Aeg-L Pore complex
    • Protein or peptide: Aeg-L
KeywordsAlternaria alternata pore-forming toxin / Aeg-L / TOXIN
Function / homologyAeg-L
Function and homology information
Biological speciesAlternaria alternata (fungus)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.81 Å
AuthorsGao P / Zhao CQ
Funding support1 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Not funded
CitationJournal: Nature / Year: 2025
Title: Epithelial cell membrane perforation induces allergic airway inflammation.
Authors: Kejian Shi / Yao Lv / Chunqiu Zhao / Huan Zeng / Yeqiong Wang / Yuxuan Liu / Lin Li / She Chen / Pu Gao / Feng Shao / Mo Xu /
Abstract: Allergens that induce allergic airway inflammation are highly diverse, but they commonly activate type 2 immune responses. Airway epithelial cells are crucial in allergen sensing. However, the shared ...Allergens that induce allergic airway inflammation are highly diverse, but they commonly activate type 2 immune responses. Airway epithelial cells are crucial in allergen sensing. However, the shared features among diverse allergens that elicit similar innate responses, and their epithelial detection mechanisms, remain poorly defined. Here we identify pore-forming proteins as one of the common stimuli of allergic airway inflammation and reveal their immune-activation mechanisms. Using the prevalent mould allergen Alternaria alternata as a model, we established an in vitro system to investigate type 2 innate immune sensing. A six-step biochemical fractionation identified Aeg-S and Aeg-L as the core immune-stimulatory components. Biochemical reconstitution and cryo-electron microscopy reveal that these proteins form 16- to 20-mer transmembrane pore complexes. Their cooperative perforation acts as a bona fide type 2 immune adjuvant to support antigen-specific T helper 2 and immunoglobulin E responses. Genetically engineered A. alternata strains that lack pore-forming activity do not induce allergic responses in mice. Furthermore, pore-forming proteins from various species, despite structural and membrane target differences, are sufficient to trigger respiratory allergies. Perforations in airway epithelial cells initiate allergic responses through two mechanisms: one triggers IL-33 release, and the other involves Ca influx, which activates MAPK signalling and type 2 inflammatory gene expression. These findings provide insight into how type 2 immune responses detect common perturbations caused by structurally diverse stimuli. Targeting downstream signalling of epithelial perforation may open new avenues for treating respiratory allergies.
History
DepositionApr 16, 2025-
Header (metadata) releaseJun 18, 2025-
Map releaseJun 18, 2025-
UpdateSep 24, 2025-
Current statusSep 24, 2025Processing site: PDBc / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Supplemental images

emd_64205.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_64205.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 669.9 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
Projections & slices

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AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
1.04 Å/pix.
x 560 pix.
= 582.4 Å		1.04 Å/pix.
x 560 pix.
= 582.4 Å		1.04 Å/pix.
x 560 pix.
= 582.4 Å

Surface

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Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 1.04 Å
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Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.28
Minimum - Maximum-0.59623736 - 1.4005561
Average (Standard dev.)0.0012225521 (±0.04651477)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions560560560
Spacing560560560
CellA=B=C: 582.39996 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

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Supplemental data

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Half map: #2

Fileemd_64205_half_map_1.map
Projections & Slices
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Half map: #1

Fileemd_64205_half_map_2.map
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Sample components

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Entire : Aeg-L Pore complex

EntireName: Aeg-L Pore complex
Components
  • Complex: Aeg-L Pore complex
    • Protein or peptide: Aeg-L

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Supramolecule #1: Aeg-L Pore complex

SupramoleculeName: Aeg-L Pore complex / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: all
Source (natural)Organism: Alternaria alternata (fungus)

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Macromolecule #1: Aeg-L

MacromoleculeName: Aeg-L / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1
Details: Author stated: In the experimental construction, the amino acid sequence bases of the uniprot sequence at positions 204-213 (GASGGGYAVK) were replaced by the 3C restriction site LEVLFQGP.
Number of copies: 36 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Alternaria alternata (fungus)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 55.44718 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
SequenceString: MGEVVPYKAG MQRGQGYNTY LQSLCVKDAV TIERHDDSNP PFKKEYYSEF IEEYEKIAKS MRISAGAAVS GWGQEANVNV DILNRSEFE TSTLTYEVKV LVQHQVSVLD KHSFNKIQTT TPHATYGDRF IADFIKGGHF YARVSITAKN SSETSELKQS A EVAMTMYG ...String:
MGEVVPYKAG MQRGQGYNTY LQSLCVKDAV TIERHDDSNP PFKKEYYSEF IEEYEKIAKS MRISAGAAVS GWGQEANVNV DILNRSEFE TSTLTYEVKV LVQHQVSVLD KHSFNKIQTT TPHATYGDRF IADFIKGGHF YARVSITAKN SSETSELKQS A EVAMTMYG VSGKITQEVE RAVSSIKRNA SVKITIIEST GTSKSLEVLF QGPAEESSDL LAVKEKADQF YKDADSGKHS YV LFAVLGK YRNLSNFESY FAPFDYQMAS LRSWALFNDF TLYKAIETMI KAVPESKFKD GPERKTQLIK QAINIFETIR DRV ILISEH PEAAKEDPDH MKPGDFRLEV LNSIQTKLFH AQSQPIPNTD DYWTDVILTT KGSGNQPLFT FPAFDFGDLI GTEV VSFGK KKNGEEYNCL IGERVTSLDD YKELSYFWVF PDSVQKFAME MYGVSKVPTR NYMRVYAADQ SDIENPRPYQ RFWFY VPSA NSPP

UniProtKB: Aeg-L, Aeg-L

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

BufferpH: 7.5
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeTFS TITAN THEMIS
Image recordingFilm or detector model: GATAN K2 SUMMIT (4k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 60.0 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 1.5 µm / Nominal defocus min: 0.8 µm

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Image processing

CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Startup modelType of model: NONE
Final reconstructionResolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 3.81 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 494713
Initial angle assignmentType: PROJECTION MATCHING
Final angle assignmentType: PROJECTION MATCHING

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