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- EMDB-60243: Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2)/Gq complex -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-60243
TitleProtease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2)/Gq complex
Map data
Sample
  • Complex: GPCR/G-protein complex
    • Protein or peptide: engineered G alpha q
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
    • Protein or peptide: Proteinase-activated receptor 2
KeywordsGPCR-G-protein complex / MEMBRANE PROTEIN
Function / homology
Function and homology information


positive regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium / positive regulation of renin secretion into blood stream / positive regulation of eosinophil degranulation / leukocyte proliferation / mature conventional dendritic cell differentiation / positive regulation of glomerular filtration / regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production / negative regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway / positive regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway / thrombin-activated receptor activity ...positive regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium / positive regulation of renin secretion into blood stream / positive regulation of eosinophil degranulation / leukocyte proliferation / mature conventional dendritic cell differentiation / positive regulation of glomerular filtration / regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production / negative regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway / positive regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway / thrombin-activated receptor activity / positive regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway / positive regulation of actin filament depolymerization / cell-cell junction maintenance / positive regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway / T cell activation involved in immune response / positive regulation of pseudopodium assembly / positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response / negative regulation of chemokine production / positive regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment / neutrophil activation / positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis / positive regulation of chemotaxis / establishment of endothelial barrier / positive regulation of positive chemotaxis / regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction / regulation of JNK cascade / negative regulation of JNK cascade / leukocyte migration / regulation of blood coagulation / positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction / pseudopodium / positive regulation of interleukin-10 production / G-protein alpha-subunit binding / positive regulation of GTPase activity / negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway / positive regulation of superoxide anion generation / positive regulation of chemokine production / Peptide ligand-binding receptors / positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production / positive regulation of interleukin-8 production / positive regulation of JNK cascade / negative regulation of insulin secretion / G protein-coupled receptor activity / positive regulation of interleukin-6 production / vasodilation / positive regulation of type II interferon production / Olfactory Signaling Pathway / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta / Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / G-protein activation / Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / blood coagulation / Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation / G beta:gamma signalling through BTK / Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / photoreceptor disc membrane / Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / G alpha (z) signalling events / cellular response to catecholamine stimulus / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 / ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway / GPER1 signaling / G-protein beta-subunit binding / cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus / Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade / heterotrimeric G-protein complex / G alpha (12/13) signalling events / signaling receptor activity / sensory perception of taste / extracellular vesicle / signaling receptor complex adaptor activity / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration / retina development in camera-type eye / GTPase binding / Ca2+ pathway / protease binding / fibroblast proliferation / High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells / G alpha (i) signalling events / G alpha (s) signalling events / phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / defense response to virus / G alpha (q) signalling events / Ras protein signal transduction / early endosome
Similarity search - Function
Protease-activated receptor 2 / Protease-activated receptor / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain / G-protein gamma-like domain superfamily / GGL domain / G protein gamma subunit-like motifs / GGL domain / G protein beta WD-40 repeat protein ...Protease-activated receptor 2 / Protease-activated receptor / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain / G-protein gamma-like domain superfamily / GGL domain / G protein gamma subunit-like motifs / GGL domain / G protein beta WD-40 repeat protein / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit / G-protein, beta subunit / G protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin-like / GPCR, rhodopsin-like, 7TM / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 profile. / 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family) / G-protein beta WD-40 repeat / WD40 repeat, conserved site / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats signature. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats profile. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats circular profile. / WD40 repeats / WD40 repeat / WD40-repeat-containing domain superfamily / WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain superfamily
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Proteinase-activated receptor 2 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.25 Å
AuthorsHe Y / Zhu X
Funding support China, 1 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)32070048 China
CitationJournal: Cell Discov / Year: 2025
Title: Structural basis of protease-activated receptor 2 activation and biased agonism.
Authors: Xinyan Zhu / Ruixue Xia / Anqi Zhang / Changyou Guo / Zhenmei Xu / Yuanzheng He /
Abstract: Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is a transmembrane receptor that is irreversibly activated by proteolytic cleavage of its N-terminus via extracellular proteases, resulting in the release of the ...Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is a transmembrane receptor that is irreversibly activated by proteolytic cleavage of its N-terminus via extracellular proteases, resulting in the release of the tethered ligand (TL), which binds to and activates the receptor. PAR2 plays a pivotal role in the inflammatory response and pain sensation and is a promising drug target for treating arthritis, asthma, and neuronal pain. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy structures of active PAR2 complexed with miniG and miniG. Combining functional assays with structural analysis, our study revealed that TL forms a parallel β-sheet with the extracellular loop 2 of PAR2 to engage the receptor. The binding of TL triggers a conformational rearrangement in the transmembrane core, releasing the inhibitory ion lock and allowing receptor activation. Furthermore, we provide structural insights into the engagement of G and G with PAR2, highlighting that a hydrophobic interaction mediated by the last methionine residue of Gα is crucial for G coupling selectivity. In combination with molecular dynamics simulations and mutagenesis, we identified the I39/D62 interaction at the pocket side of the receptor as a key determinant of G signaling. Disrupting this interaction significantly inhibits G signaling while preserving G activity, enabling us to design a biased peptide ligand that selectively activates G signaling. The information revealed in this study provides a framework for understanding PAR2 signaling and offers a rational basis for the design of biased PAR2 ligands.
History
DepositionMay 23, 2024-
Header (metadata) releaseMay 28, 2025-
Map releaseMay 28, 2025-
UpdateDec 10, 2025-
Current statusDec 10, 2025Processing site: PDBc / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Supplemental images

emd_60243.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_60243.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 64 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
Projections & slices

Image control

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AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
1.1 Å/pix.
x 256 pix.
= 281.6 Å		1.1 Å/pix.
x 256 pix.
= 281.6 Å		1.1 Å/pix.
x 256 pix.
= 281.6 Å

Surface

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Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 1.1 Å
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Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.1
Minimum - Maximum-0.015357322 - 1.9958366
Average (Standard dev.)0.0009088371 (±0.020660007)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions256256256
Spacing256256256
CellA=B=C: 281.6 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

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Supplemental data

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Half map: #2

Fileemd_60243_half_map_1.map
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Half map: #1

Fileemd_60243_half_map_2.map
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Sample components

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Entire : GPCR/G-protein complex

EntireName: GPCR/G-protein complex
Components
  • Complex: GPCR/G-protein complex
    • Protein or peptide: engineered G alpha q
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
    • Protein or peptide: Proteinase-activated receptor 2

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Supramolecule #1: GPCR/G-protein complex

SupramoleculeName: GPCR/G-protein complex / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: all
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 130 kDa/nm

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Macromolecule #1: engineered G alpha q

MacromoleculeName: engineered G alpha q / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 41.855578 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: MMGCTLSAED KAAVERSKMI EKQLQKDKQV YRRTLRLLLL GADNSGKSTI VKQMRIYHVN GYSEEECKQY KAVVYSNTIQ SIIAIIRAM GRLKIDFGDS ARADDARQLF VLAGAAEEGF MTAELAGVIK RLWKDSGVQA CFNRSREYQL NDSAAYYLND L DRIAQPNY ...String:
MMGCTLSAED KAAVERSKMI EKQLQKDKQV YRRTLRLLLL GADNSGKSTI VKQMRIYHVN GYSEEECKQY KAVVYSNTIQ SIIAIIRAM GRLKIDFGDS ARADDARQLF VLAGAAEEGF MTAELAGVIK RLWKDSGVQA CFNRSREYQL NDSAAYYLND L DRIAQPNY IPTQQDVLRT RVKTSGIFET KFQVDKVNFH MFDVGAQRDE RRKWIQCFND VTAIIFVVDS SDYNRLQEAL ND FKSIWNN RWLRTISVIL FLNKQDLLAE KVLAGKSKIE DYFPEFARYT TPEDATPEPG EDPRVTRAKY FIRKEFVDIS TAS GDGRHI CYPHFTCSVD TENARRIFND CKDIILQMNL REYNLV

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Macromolecule #2: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 37.915496 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: MGSLLQSELD QLRQEAEQLK NQIRDARKAC ADATLSQITN NIDPVGRIQM RTRRTLRGHL AKIYAMHWGT DSRLLVSASQ DGKLIIWDS YTTNKVHAIP LRSSWVMTCA YAPSGNYVAC GGLDNICSIY NLKTREGNVR VSRELAGHTG YLSCCRFLDD N QIVTSSGD ...String:
MGSLLQSELD QLRQEAEQLK NQIRDARKAC ADATLSQITN NIDPVGRIQM RTRRTLRGHL AKIYAMHWGT DSRLLVSASQ DGKLIIWDS YTTNKVHAIP LRSSWVMTCA YAPSGNYVAC GGLDNICSIY NLKTREGNVR VSRELAGHTG YLSCCRFLDD N QIVTSSGD TTCALWDIET GQQTTTFTGH TGDVMSLSLA PDTRLFVSGA CDASAKLWDV REGMCRQTFT GHESDINAIC FF PNGNAFA TGSDDATCRL FDLRADQELM TYSHDNIICG ITSVSFSKSG RLLLAGYDDF NCNVWDALKA DRAGVLAGHD NRV SCLGVT DDGMAVATGS WDSFLKIWN

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

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Macromolecule #3: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 7.861143 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString:
MASNNTASIA QARKLVEQLK MEANIDRIKV SKAAADLMAY CEAHAKEDPL LTPVPASENP FREKKFFCAI L

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

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Macromolecule #4: Proteinase-activated receptor 2

MacromoleculeName: Proteinase-activated receptor 2 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 44.173203 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: MRSPSAAWLL GAAILLAASL SCSGTIQGTN RSSKGRSLIG KVDGTSHVTG KGVTVETVFS VDEFSASVLT GKLTTVFLPI VYTIVFVVG LPSNGMALWV FLFRTKKKHP AVIYMANLAL ADLLSVIWFP LKIAYHIHGN NWIYGEALCN VLIGFFYGNM Y CSILFMTC ...String:
MRSPSAAWLL GAAILLAASL SCSGTIQGTN RSSKGRSLIG KVDGTSHVTG KGVTVETVFS VDEFSASVLT GKLTTVFLPI VYTIVFVVG LPSNGMALWV FLFRTKKKHP AVIYMANLAL ADLLSVIWFP LKIAYHIHGN NWIYGEALCN VLIGFFYGNM Y CSILFMTC LSVQRYWVIV NPMGHSRKKA NIAIGISLAI WLLILLVTIP LYVVKQTIFI PALNITTCHD VLPEQLLVGD MF NYFLSLA IGVFLFPAFL TASAYVLMIR MLRSSAMDEN SEKKRKRAIK LIVTVLAMYL ICFTPSNLLL VVHYFLIKSQ GQS HVYALY IVALCLSTLN SCIDPFVYYF VSHDFRDHAK NALLCRSVRT VKQMQVSLTS KKHSRKSSSY SSSSTTVKTS Y

UniProtKB: Proteinase-activated receptor 2

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

BufferpH: 7
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeFEI TECNAI F30
Image recordingFilm or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 60.0 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2.2 µm / Nominal defocus min: 1.2 µm
Experimental equipment
Model: Tecnai F30 / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

CTF correctionType: NONE
Startup modelType of model: NONE
Final reconstructionResolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 3.25 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 280638
Initial angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD
Final angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD
FSC plot (resolution estimation)

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