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- EMDB-32918: CryoEM structure of chitin synthase 1 from Phytophthora sojae com... -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-32918
TitleCryoEM structure of chitin synthase 1 from Phytophthora sojae complexed with UDP
Map dataCryoEM map of chitin synthase 1 from Phytophthora sojae complexed with UDP
Sample
  • Complex: Chitin synthase 1
    • Protein or peptide: Chitin synthase
  • Ligand: URIDINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE
  • Ligand: MAGNESIUM ION
Keywordscarbohydate / biosynthetic protein / membrane protein / transferase
Function / homologychitin biosynthetic process / Fungal chitin synthase / Chitin synthase / chitin synthase / chitin synthase activity / Chitin synthase / Nucleotide-diphospho-sugar transferases / membrane / Chitin synthase 1
Function and homology information
Biological speciesPhytophthora sojae strain P6497 (eukaryote)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.1 Å
AuthorsChen W / Cao P
Funding support China, 3 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)32161133010 China
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)31830076 China
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)31901916 China
CitationJournal: Nature / Year: 2022
Title: Structural basis for directional chitin biosynthesis.
Authors: Wei Chen / Peng Cao / Yuansheng Liu / Ailing Yu / Dong Wang / Lei Chen / Rajamanikandan Sundarraj / Zhiguang Yuchi / Yong Gong / Hans Merzendorfer / Qing Yang /
Abstract: Chitin, the most abundant aminopolysaccharide in nature, is an extracellular polymer consisting of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) units. The key reactions of chitin biosynthesis are catalysed by chitin ...Chitin, the most abundant aminopolysaccharide in nature, is an extracellular polymer consisting of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) units. The key reactions of chitin biosynthesis are catalysed by chitin synthase, a membrane-integrated glycosyltransferase that transfers GlcNAc from UDP-GlcNAc to a growing chitin chain. However, the precise mechanism of this process has yet to be elucidated. Here we report five cryo-electron microscopy structures of a chitin synthase from the devastating soybean root rot pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora sojae (PsChs1). They represent the apo, GlcNAc-bound, nascent chitin oligomer-bound, UDP-bound (post-synthesis) and chitin synthase inhibitor nikkomycin Z-bound states of the enzyme, providing detailed views into the multiple steps of chitin biosynthesis and its competitive inhibition. The structures reveal the chitin synthesis reaction chamber that has the substrate-binding site, the catalytic centre and the entrance to the polymer-translocating channel that allows the product polymer to be discharged. This arrangement reflects consecutive key events in chitin biosynthesis from UDP-GlcNAc binding and polymer elongation to the release of the product. We identified a swinging loop within the chitin-translocating channel, which acts as a 'gate lock' that prevents the substrate from leaving while directing the product polymer into the translocating channel for discharge to the extracellular side of the cell membrane. This work reveals the directional multistep mechanism of chitin biosynthesis and provides a structural basis for inhibition of chitin synthesis.
History
DepositionFeb 21, 2022-
Header (metadata) releaseSep 28, 2022-
Map releaseSep 28, 2022-
UpdateJun 26, 2024-
Current statusJun 26, 2024Processing site: PDBj / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Supplemental images

emd_32918.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_32918.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 103 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
AnnotationCryoEM map of chitin synthase 1 from Phytophthora sojae complexed with UDP
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
Brightness
Contrast
Others
AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
1.07 Å/pix.
x 300 pix.
= 321. Å		1.07 Å/pix.
x 300 pix.
= 321. Å		1.07 Å/pix.
x 300 pix.
= 321. Å

Surface

Projections

Slices (1/3)

Slices (1/2)

Slices (2/3)

Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 1.07 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.02
Minimum - Maximum-0.09011173 - 0.16127706
Average (Standard dev.)0.00019574974 (±0.003239347)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin-150-150-150
Dimensions300300300
Spacing300300300
CellA=B=C: 321.00003 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

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Supplemental data

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Sample components

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Entire : Chitin synthase 1

EntireName: Chitin synthase 1
Components
  • Complex: Chitin synthase 1
    • Protein or peptide: Chitin synthase
  • Ligand: URIDINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE
  • Ligand: MAGNESIUM ION

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Supramolecule #1: Chitin synthase 1

SupramoleculeName: Chitin synthase 1 / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: #1
Source (natural)Organism: Phytophthora sojae strain P6497 (eukaryote)

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Macromolecule #1: Chitin synthase

MacromoleculeName: Chitin synthase / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 2 / Enantiomer: LEVO / EC number: chitin synthase
Source (natural)Organism: Phytophthora sojae strain P6497 (eukaryote) / Strain: P6497
Molecular weightTheoretical: 103.146703 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Homo sapiens (human)
SequenceString: MSGAPPPSSG FAPRSYGQQP LSHAPRSSMM SVEYDGIPLP PPSIRSCGSQ QYVTSYIPTG AAFPPSSVQD MISSMKSYAS ATDLVRTYS EIPSVEEALS TLDRAAAALN ARRYRDALKL YLEGGYAMAN VAERQANPKI CNLLTSKGFE TLNWCARLCD W IEGRIKEK ...String:
MSGAPPPSSG FAPRSYGQQP LSHAPRSSMM SVEYDGIPLP PPSIRSCGSQ QYVTSYIPTG AAFPPSSVQD MISSMKSYAS ATDLVRTYS EIPSVEEALS TLDRAAAALN ARRYRDALKL YLEGGYAMAN VAERQANPKI CNLLTSKGFE TLNWCARLCD W IEGRIKEK HPRPGVHKVG IPVSNWDEDW VGPFMDEEEA RRMWYTPVYC PHPIDFSNLG YRLRCVETGR RPRLMICITM YN EGPQQLK ATLKKLANNL AYLKEQMPGD EKSLTGAFAG DDVWQNVLVC IVADGREQVH PKTLDYLEAI GLYDEDLLTI NSA GIGAQC HLFEHTLQLS VNGKCLLPIQ TVFALKENKA SKLDSHHWYF NAFAEQIQPE YTAVMDVGTM LTKSALYHLL FAFE RNHQI GGACGQLTVD NPFENLSNWV ISAQHFEYKI SNILDKSLES CFGFISVLPG AFSAYRYEAI RGAPLDAYFQ TLNIE LDVL GPFIGNMYLA EDRILSFEVV ARKNCNWTMH YVKDAVARTD VPHDLVGLIS QRKRWLNGAF FATLFSIWNW GRIYSE SKH TFVRKMAFLV FYVYHLLYTA FGFFLPANLY LALFFIVFQG FQQNRLEFID TSEYSQTVLD CAVYIYNFSY LFGLLML II IGLGNNPKHM KLTYYFVGAV FGLMMMLSSL VGAGIFFSTP ATVHSIVVSI LTVGVYFIAS ALHGEVHHIF MTFTHYTA L IPSFVNIFTI YSFCNLQDLS WGTKGLHDDP LLAASLDETE KGDFKDVIAK RRALEELRRE EKERVENRKK NFEAFRTNV LLTWAFSNLI FALFVVYFAS SSTYMPVLYI FVASLNTCRL LGSIGHWVYI HTEGLRGRVI DKSECGNGTG RYPQNSYVQL EEHYAALAE DQRTYASGRT NASVRTVNDV SSAA

UniProtKB: Chitin synthase 1

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Macromolecule #2: URIDINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE

MacromoleculeName: URIDINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE / type: ligand / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 2 / Formula: UDP
Molecular weightTheoretical: 404.161 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-UDP:
URIDINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE / UDP*YM

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Macromolecule #3: MAGNESIUM ION

MacromoleculeName: MAGNESIUM ION / type: ligand / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 2 / Formula: MG
Molecular weightTheoretical: 24.305 Da

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

Concentration5 mg/mL
BufferpH: 8
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeFEI TITAN KRIOS
Image recordingFilm or detector model: GATAN K2 SUMMIT (4k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 60.0 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2.0 µm / Nominal defocus min: 1.2 µm
Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

Startup modelType of model: EMDB MAP
EMDB ID:

32545

Final reconstructionApplied symmetry - Point group: C2 (2 fold cyclic) / Resolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 3.1 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 224465
Initial angle assignmentType: PROJECTION MATCHING
Final angle assignmentType: PROJECTION MATCHING

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