spleen exonuclease / Synthesis of PG / single-stranded DNA 5'-3' DNA exonuclease activity / myotube differentiation / phospholipase D activity / immune system process / regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response / Role of phospholipids in phagocytosis / lysosomal lumen / late endosome membrane ...spleen exonuclease / Synthesis of PG / single-stranded DNA 5'-3' DNA exonuclease activity / myotube differentiation / phospholipase D activity / immune system process / regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response / Role of phospholipids in phagocytosis / lysosomal lumen / late endosome membrane / early endosome membrane / inflammatory response / lysosomal membrane / Golgi membrane / endoplasmic reticulum membrane / extracellular exosome Similarity search - Function
PLD-like domain / PLD-like domain / Phospholipase D. Active site motifs. / Phospholipase D/Transphosphatidylase / Phospholipase D phosphodiesterase active site profile. Similarity search - Domain/homology
Journal: Immunity / Year: 2024 Title: Lysosomal endonuclease RNase T2 and PLD exonucleases cooperatively generate RNA ligands for TLR7 activation. Authors: Marleen Bérouti / Katja Lammens / Matthias Heiss / Larissa Hansbauer / Stefan Bauernfried / Jan Stöckl / Francesca Pinci / Ignazio Piseddu / Wilhelm Greulich / Meiyue Wang / Christophe ...Authors: Marleen Bérouti / Katja Lammens / Matthias Heiss / Larissa Hansbauer / Stefan Bauernfried / Jan Stöckl / Francesca Pinci / Ignazio Piseddu / Wilhelm Greulich / Meiyue Wang / Christophe Jung / Thomas Fröhlich / Thomas Carell / Karl-Peter Hopfner / Veit Hornung / Abstract: Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is essential for recognition of RNA viruses and initiation of antiviral immunity. TLR7 contains two ligand-binding pockets that recognize different RNA degradation ...Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is essential for recognition of RNA viruses and initiation of antiviral immunity. TLR7 contains two ligand-binding pockets that recognize different RNA degradation products: pocket 1 recognizes guanosine, while pocket 2 coordinates pyrimidine-rich RNA fragments. We found that the endonuclease RNase T2, along with 5' exonucleases PLD3 and PLD4, collaboratively generate the ligands for TLR7. Specifically, RNase T2 generated guanosine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate-terminated RNA fragments. PLD exonuclease activity further released the terminal 2',3'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (2',3'-cGMP) to engage pocket 1 and was also needed to generate RNA fragments for pocket 2. Loss-of-function studies in cell lines and primary cells confirmed the critical requirement for PLD activity. Biochemical and structural studies showed that PLD enzymes form homodimers with two ligand-binding sites important for activity. Previously identified disease-associated PLD mutants failed to form stable dimers. Together, our data provide a mechanistic basis for the detection of RNA fragments by TLR7.
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