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TitleStructural basis of chondroitin sulfate backbone polymer synthesis.
Journal, issue, pagesNat Commun, Year 2026
Publish dateMay 27, 2026
AuthorsDaniel Tehrani / Nil Cortiella-Valls / Chin Huang / Digantkumar Chapla / Zhifeng Zheng / Aarya Venkat / Brady O'Boyle / Natarajan Kannan / Camilo Perez / Kelley W Moremen /
PubMed AbstractChondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans are extended (-GlcAβ1,3GalNAcβ1,4-) co-polymers attached to cell surface and extracellular matrix core proteins that are further modified by extensive ...Chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans are extended (-GlcAβ1,3GalNAcβ1,4-) co-polymers attached to cell surface and extracellular matrix core proteins that are further modified by extensive sulfation and epimerization. Four homologous proteins contribute to CS backbone synthesis (CHPF1, CHPF2, CHSY1, and CHSY3) and prior data suggests assembly of the proteins into heterocomplexes is required for function. Here we show by sequence alignment and structural modeling that all CHSYs and CHPFs contain an N-terminal CAZy GT31-like domain and a C-terminal GT7-like domain separated by a cystatin-like linker domain. Co-expression of one CHPF and one CHSY is required to form a soluble, functional heterodimeric CS synthase and structural modeling indicates all four potential CHSY-CHPF combinations can form equivalent heterodimeric complexes. Cryo-EM studies on CHSY3-CHPF1 confirm the structure, interface, and active site features predicted by the structural models. Enzymatic analyses of catalytic mutants demonstrate that only the glycosyltransferase domains in the CHSYs are responsible for polymer synthesis: the GT31 domain transfers β1,3-GlcA while the GT7 domain transfers β1,4-GalNAc. The corresponding CHPF domains do not contribute to polymer synthesis but stabilize the corresponding CHSY functional domains. Additional mutagenesis and modeling suggest that the bridging cystatin-like domains may contribute to efficient polymer synthesis.
External linksNat Commun / PubMed:42204168
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution3.42 Å
Structure data

70100

9o4g

EMDB-70100, PDB-9o4g:
Cryo-EM structure of the CHSY3-CHPF1 chondroitin synthase heterodimer
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.42 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-MN:
Unknown entry

ChemComp-UDP:
URIDINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE / UDP*YM

Source
  • homo sapiens (human)
  • human adenovirus sp.
KeywordsSUGAR BINDING PROTEIN / TRANSFERASE / Chondroitin sulfate / Chondroitin sulfate synthase

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