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TitleSARS-CoV-2 nsp1 mediates broad inhibition of translation in mammals.
Journal, issue, pagesCell Rep, Vol. 44, Issue 5, Page 115696, Year 2025
Publish dateMay 27, 2025
AuthorsRisako Gen / Amin Addetia / Daniel Asarnow / Young-Jun Park / Joel Quispe / Matthew C Chan / Jack T Brown / Jimin Lee / Melody G Campbell / Christopher P Lapointe / David Veesler /
PubMed AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) non-structural protein 1 (nsp1) promotes innate immune evasion by inhibiting host translation in human cells. However, the role of nsp1 in ...Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) non-structural protein 1 (nsp1) promotes innate immune evasion by inhibiting host translation in human cells. However, the role of nsp1 in other host species remains elusive, especially in bats-natural reservoirs of sarbecoviruses with a markedly different innate immune system than humans. We reveal that nsp1 potently inhibits translation in Rhinolophus lepidus bat cells, which belong to the same genus as known sarbecovirus reservoir hosts. We determined a cryoelectron microscopy structure of nsp1 bound to the R. lepidus 40S ribosomal subunit, showing that it blocks the mRNA entry channel by targeting a highly conserved site among mammals. Accordingly, we found that nsp1 blocked protein translation in mammalian cells from several species, underscoring its broadly inhibitory activity and conserved role in numerous SARS-CoV-2 hosts. Our findings illuminate the arms race between coronaviruses and mammalian host immunity, providing a foundation for understanding the determinants of viral maintenance in bat hosts and spillover.
External linksCell Rep / PubMed:40359110
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.1 Å
Structure data

49635

9npx

EMDB-49635, PDB-9npx:
SARS-CoV-2 nsp1 bound to the Rhinolophus lepidus 40S ribosomal subunit (local refinement of the 40S body)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.1 Å

49636

9npy

EMDB-49636, PDB-9npy:
SARS-CoV-2 nsp1 bound to the Rhinolophus lepidus 40S ribosome (local refinement of the 40S head)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.1 Å

EMDB-49637: SARS-CoV-2 nsp1 bound to the Rhinolophus lepidus 40S ribosome (consensus map)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.1 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-MG:
Unknown entry

ChemComp-K:
Unknown entry

ChemComp-ZN:
Unknown entry

ChemComp-HOH:
WATER

Source
  • severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
  • homo sapiens (human)
  • rhinolophus lepidus (bat)
KeywordsRIBOSOME / Complex / Structural Genomics / Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease / SSGCID / SARS-CoV-2

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