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TitleStructural mechanism of LINE-1 target-primed reverse transcription.
Journal, issue, pagesScience, Vol. 388, Issue 6745, Page eads8412, Year 2025
Publish dateApr 25, 2025
AuthorsGeorge E Ghanim / Hongmiao Hu / Jerome Boulanger / Thi Hoang Duong Nguyen /
PubMed AbstractLong interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) retrotransposons are the only active autonomous transposable elements in humans. They propagate by reverse transcribing their messenger RNA into new genomic ...Long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) retrotransposons are the only active autonomous transposable elements in humans. They propagate by reverse transcribing their messenger RNA into new genomic locations by a process called target-primed reverse transcription (TPRT). In this work, we present four cryo-electron microscopy structures of the human LINE-1 TPRT complex, revealing the conformational dynamics of open reading frame 2 protein (ORF2p) and its extensive remodeling of the target DNA for TPRT initiation. We observe nicking of the DNA second strand during reverse transcription of the first strand. Structure prediction identifies high-confidence binding sites for LINE-1-associated factors-namely proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein 1 (PABPC1)-on ORF2p. Together with our structural data, this suggests a mechanism by which these factors regulate retrotransposition and supports a model for TPRT that accounts for retrotransposition outcomes observed in cells.
External linksScience / PubMed:40048554 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.3 - 3.1 Å
Structure data

52070

9hdo

EMDB-52070, PDB-9hdo:
The Human LINE-1 ORF2p target-primed reverse transcription complex
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.3 Å

52071

9hdp

EMDB-52071, PDB-9hdp:
The Human LINE-1 ORF2p target-primed reverse transcription complex with the fingers domain in a closed conformation
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.5 Å

52072

9hdq

EMDB-52072, PDB-9hdq:
The Human LINE-1 ORF2p target-primed reverse transcription complex with the fingers domain in an open conformation
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.45 Å

52073

9hdr

EMDB-52073, PDB-9hdr:
Human LINE-1 ORF2p target-primed reverse transcription complex with EN domain resolved
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.1 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-MG:
Unknown entry

ChemComp-ZN:
Unknown entry

ChemComp-D3T:
2',3'-DIDEOXY-THYMIDINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE

Source
  • homo sapiens (human)
  • escherichia coli (strain k12) (bacteria)
  • saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain atcc 204508 / s288c) (yeast)
KeywordsRNA BINDING PROTEIN / LINE-1 / L1 / ORF2p / Reverse transcriptase / endonuclease / DNA / RNA

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