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Structure paper

TitleLoss of FCoV-23 spike domain 0 enhances fusogenicity and entry kinetics.
Journal, issue, pagesNature, Vol. 645, Issue 8079, Page 235-243, Year 2025
Publish dateJul 9, 2025
AuthorsM Alejandra Tortorici / Annette Choi / Cecily A Gibson / Jimin Lee / Jack T Brown / Cameron Stewart / Anshu Joshi / Sheri Harari / Isabelle Willoughby / Catherine Treichel / Elizabeth M Leaf / Jesse D Bloom / Neil P King / Christine Tait-Burkard / Gary R Whittaker / David Veesler /
PubMed AbstractThe ability of coronaviruses to recombine and cross species barriers affects human and animal health globally and is a pandemic threat. FCoV-23 is a recently emerged, highly pathogenic recombinant ...The ability of coronaviruses to recombine and cross species barriers affects human and animal health globally and is a pandemic threat. FCoV-23 is a recently emerged, highly pathogenic recombinant coronavirus responsible for a widespread outbreak of feline infectious peritonitis. Here we report cryogenic electron microscopy structures of two FCoV-23 spike isoforms that correspond to the in-host loss of domain 0 observed in clinical samples. The loss of domain 0 markedly enhances the fusogenicity and kinetics of entry into cells and possibly enables biotype switching and lethality. We show that FCoV-23 can use several aminopeptidase N orthologues as receptors and reveal the molecular determinants of receptor species tropism, including a glycan that modulates human receptor engagement. We define antigenic relationships among alphacoronaviruses that infect humans and other mammalian species and identify a cross-reactive alphacoronavirus monoclonal antibody that inhibits FCoV-23 entry. Our results pave the way for the development of vaccines and therapeutics that target this highly pathogenic virus.
External linksNature / PubMed:40634609 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.3 - 3.2 Å
Structure data

EMDB-46708, PDB-9daz:
Molecular basis of pathogenicity of the recently emerged FCoV-23 coronavirus. Complex of fAPN with FCoV-23 RBD
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.5 Å

EMDB-46709, PDB-9db0:
Molecular basis of pathogenicity of the recently emerged FCoV-23 coronavirus. FCoV-23 S short
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.5 Å

EMDB-46710, PDB-9db1:
Molecular basis of pathogenicity of the recently emerged FCoV-23 coronavirus. FCoV-23 S Do in proximal conformation (local refinement)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.2 Å

EMDB-46714, PDB-9db3:
Molecular basis of pathogenicity of the recently emerged FCoV-23 coronavirus. FCoV-23 S long with Do in swung-out conformation
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.3 Å

EMDB-46716, PDB-9dbe:
Molecular basis of pathogenicity of the recently emerged FCoV-23 coronavirus. FCoV-23 S long domain 0 in swung-out conformation (local refinement)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.4 Å

EMDB-46739, PDB-9dbz:
Molecular basis of pathogenicity of the recently emerged FCoV-23 coronavirus. FCoV-23 S long with Do in mixed conformations (global refinement).
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.7 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-NAG:
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose

ChemComp-ZN:
Unknown entry

ChemComp-HOH:
WATER

ChemComp-PAM:
PALMITOLEIC ACID

Source
  • feline coronavirus
  • felis catus (domestic cat)
KeywordsVIRAL PROTEIN/HYDROLASE / Coronavirus / alphacoronavirus / feline coronavirus / cryo-EM / neutralization assays / binding assays / Structural Genomics / Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease / SSGCID / VIRAL PROTEIN-HYDROLASE complex / VIRAL PROTEIN

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