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TitleDirect lipid interactions control SARS-CoV-2 M protein conformational dynamics and virus assembly.
Journal, issue, pagesbioRxiv, Year 2024
Publish dateNov 5, 2024
AuthorsMandira Dutta / Kimberly A Dolan / Souad Amiar / Elijah J Bass / Rokaia Sultana / Gregory A Voth / Stephen G Brohawn / Robert V Stahelin /
PubMed AbstractM is the most abundant structural membrane protein in coronaviruses and is essential for the formation of infectious virus particles. SARS-CoV-2 M adopts two conformations, M and M, and regulated ...M is the most abundant structural membrane protein in coronaviruses and is essential for the formation of infectious virus particles. SARS-CoV-2 M adopts two conformations, M and M, and regulated transition between states is hypothesized to coordinate viral assembly and budding. However, the factors that regulate M conformation and roles for each state are unknown. Here, we discover a direct M-sphingolipid interaction that controls M conformational dynamics and virus assembly. We show M binds Golgi-enriched anionic lipids including ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P). Molecular dynamics simulations show C1P interaction promotes a long to short transition and energetically stabilizes M. Cryo-EM structures show C1P specifically binds M at a conserved site bridging transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions. Disrupting M-C1P interaction alters M subcellular localization, reduces interaction with Spike and E, and impairs subsequent virus-like particle cell entry. Together, these results show endogenous signaling lipids regulate M structure and support a model in which M is stabilized in the early endomembrane system to organize other structural proteins prior to viral budding.
External linksbioRxiv / PubMed:39574576 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution3.01 - 3.03 Å
Structure data

EMDB-45919, PDB-9ctu:
Cryo-EM structure of SARS-CoV-2 M (short conformation)bound to C1P
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.03 Å

EMDB-45921, PDB-9ctw:
Cryo-EM structure of SARS-CoV-2 M (long conformation) in the presence of C1P
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.01 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-1PX:
(2S,3R,4E)-2-(hexadecanoylamino)-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-en-1-yl dihydrogen phosphate

ChemComp-K:
Unknown entry

Source
  • severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
  • mus musculus (house mouse)
KeywordsMEMBRANE PROTEIN / SARS-COV-2 / CORONAVIRUS / VIRAL PROTEIN / CAPSID PROTEIN

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