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TitleAntibody-mediated TGF-β1 activation for the treatment of diseases caused by deleterious T cell activity.
Journal, issue, pagesCell Rep, Vol. 44, Issue 8, Page 116061, Year 2025
Publish dateAug 26, 2025
AuthorsFanny Lambert / Jan Felix / Séverine Wautier / Emilie Dupré / Mathieu Jamez / Camille Michiels / Mélanie Gaignage / Lore Mariën / Manon Lesage / Bas van der Woning / Savvas N Savvides / Sophie Lucas /
PubMed AbstractTransforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is an immunosuppressive cytokine produced as a latent homodimer, in which mature TGF-β1 is encapsulated and kept inactive by the latency-associated peptide ...Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is an immunosuppressive cytokine produced as a latent homodimer, in which mature TGF-β1 is encapsulated and kept inactive by the latency-associated peptide (LAP). The transmembrane protein GARP presents latent TGF-β1 on the surface of regulatory T cells (Tregs) to enable activation and release of mature TGF-β1 by integrins. Here, we derived monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that activate latent TGF-β1 anchored on cells by a transmembrane protein. Biochemical and structural studies by electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) reveal that such mAb-mediated activation requires bivalent binding close to the LAP dimerization interface and crosslinking of two membrane-bound GARP:TGF-β1 complexes on the same cell or across different cells. Administration of mAbs to mice with graft versus host disease reduced disease severity and increased survival. The therapeutic effect required Tregs. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that activation of membrane-bound TGF-β1 in vivo is achievable with mAbs, introducing new immunotherapeutic options for allo- or autoimmune diseases characterized by deleterious T cell activity insufficiently controlled by Tregs.
External linksCell Rep / PubMed:40742810
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.98 - 3.0 Å
Structure data

19110

8rew

EMDB-19110, PDB-8rew:
CryoEM structure of human GARP-lTGFbeta1 in complex with a Fab fragment derived from an activating antibody.
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.98 Å

19111

8rex

EMDB-19111, PDB-8rex:
CryoEM structure of mouse GARP-lTGFbeta1 in complex with a Fab fragment derived from an activating antibody.
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.0 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-NAG:
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose

Source
  • homo sapiens (human)
  • lama glama (llama)
  • mus musculus (house mouse)
KeywordsIMMUNE SYSTEM / GARP / TGF-B1 / ACTIVATION / TREG / ANTIBODY

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