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TitleStructure of the proton-powered secretion motor at the heart of the bacterial flagellum.
Journal, issue, pagesbioRxiv, Year 2026
Publish dateJun 15, 2026
AuthorsMary K Johnson / Steven Johnson / Justin C Deme / Luz Alfaro-Alvarado / Owain J Bryant / Fabienne F V Chevance / Kelly T Hughes / Susan M Lea /
PubMed AbstractBacterial type III secretion systems export proteins across the inner membrane using the proton-motive force (PMF), but how proton flow is coupled to opening of the export channel is unknown. Here we ...Bacterial type III secretion systems export proteins across the inner membrane using the proton-motive force (PMF), but how proton flow is coupled to opening of the export channel is unknown. Here we present single-particle cryo-EM structures at 2.5-4.2 Å resolution of the intact flagellar Export Apparatus from , obtained using optimized extraction conditions of the endogenous assembly that retain the complete transmembrane complex. The transmembrane domain of FlhA forms a nonameric funnel-shaped basket beneath the Export Gate, with each subunit harboring a buried pathway of conserved hydrophilic residues spanning the hydrophobic core of the membrane. FlhB is resolved for the first time within the intact gate, revealing helices that thread through the FlhA channel, completely sealing it at rest. A symmetry-free reconstruction captures one FlhA protomer hinged outward at the water-filled cavity, breaking the rotational symmetry. Together, these structures define the architecture of the proton-transducing element of the type III secretion system and suggest a rotary gating mechanism, with parallels to the F motor of ATP synthase, in which PMF-driven conformational cycling of FlhA drives regulated opening of the export channel.
External linksbioRxiv / PubMed:42367960 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.5 - 4.3 Å
Structure data

77586

36hu

EMDB-77586, PDB-36hu:
Salmonella Flagellar Export Gate with FlhB in the context of the intact basal body
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.5 Å

77588

36hw

EMDB-77588, PDB-36hw:
Salmonella Flagellar Export Apparatus FlhA transmembrane domain nonamer in the context of the intact basal body
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.55 Å

77603

36is

EMDB-77603, PDB-36is:
Salmonella Flagellar Export Apparatus (FliPQR/FlhB/FlhA) in the context of the intact basal body
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 4.3 Å

Source
  • salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (bacteria)
KeywordsPROTEIN TRANSPORT / Flagella / Secretion / PMF

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