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TitleMechanism of aquaporin-4's fast and highly selective water conduction and proton exclusion.
Journal, issue, pagesJ Mol Biol, Vol. 389, Issue 4, Page 694-706, Year 2009
Publish dateJun 19, 2009
AuthorsKazutoshi Tani / Tadanori Mitsuma / Yoko Hiroaki / Akiko Kamegawa / Kouki Nishikawa / Yukihiro Tanimura / Yoshinori Fujiyoshi /
PubMed AbstractMembers of the aquaporin (AQP) family are expressed in almost every organism, including 13 homologues in humans. Based on the electron crystallographic structure of AQP1, the hydrogen-bond isolation ...Members of the aquaporin (AQP) family are expressed in almost every organism, including 13 homologues in humans. Based on the electron crystallographic structure of AQP1, the hydrogen-bond isolation mechanism was proposed to explain why AQPs are impermeable to protons despite their very fast water conduction. The mechanism by which AQPs exclude protons remained controversial, however. Here we present the structure of AQP4 at 2.8 A resolution obtained by electron crystallography of double-layered two-dimensional crystals. The resolution has been improved from the previous 3.2 A, with accompanying improvement in data quality resulting in the ability to identify individual water molecules. Our structure of AQP4, the predominant water channel in the brain, reveals eight water molecules in the channel. The arrangement of the waters provides support for the hydrogen-bond isolation mechanism. Our AQP4 structure also visualizes five lipids, showing that direct interactions of the extracellular surface of AQP4 with three lipids in the adjoining membrane help stabilize the membrane junction.
External linksJ Mol Biol / PubMed:19406128
MethodsEM (electron crystallography)
Resolution2.8 Å
Structure data

PDB-2zz9:
Structure of aquaporin-4 S180D mutant at 2.8 A resolution by electron crystallography
Method: ELECTRON CRYSTALLOGRAPHY / Resolution: 2.8 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-PEE:
1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine / DOPE, phospholipid*YM

ChemComp-HOH:
WATER

Source
  • rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
KeywordsTRANSPORT PROTEIN / WATER TRANSPORT / WATER CHANNEL / AQUAPORIN / TWO-DIMENSIONAL CRYSTAL / MEMBRANE PROTEIN / BACULOVIRUS EXPRESSION SYSTEM / Glycoprotein / Membrane / Phosphoprotein / Transmembrane / Transport

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