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TitleStructure and dynamics of a four-protofilament microtubule from Heimdallarchaeales α/β-tubulin.
Journal, issue, pagesSci Adv, Vol. 12, Issue 29, Page eaeh4305, Year 2026
Publish dateJul 17, 2026
AuthorsLinh T Tran / Samson Ali / Tomoharu Matsumoto / Yosuke Yamazaki / Akihiro Narita / Makito Miyazaki / Robert C Robinson /
PubMed AbstractEukaryotic microtubules are typically 13-protofilament tubes assembled from α/β-tubulin heterodimers that combine mechanical rigidity with dynamic instability. Homologous tubulins have been ...Eukaryotic microtubules are typically 13-protofilament tubes assembled from α/β-tubulin heterodimers that combine mechanical rigidity with dynamic instability. Homologous tubulins have been identified in Asgard archaea, the closest prokaryotic relatives to eukaryotes. Here, we characterize a heterodimeric α/β-tubulin system from Heimdallarchaeales. Biochemical reconstitution shows that α/β-tubulin forms a heterodimer that undergoes guanosine 5'-triphosphate-dependent polymerization with coupled nucleotide hydrolysis. Cryo-electron microscopy reveals that the polymers are composed of four-protofilament tubules, with microtubule-like lattices formed by conserved longitudinal interfaces and ball-and-socket lateral contacts. Single-filament imaging demonstrates intrinsic kinetic polarity and dynamic instability, while liposome encapsulation shows that microtubule growth generates forces sufficient to deform membranes. Despite their reduced protofilament number, -α/β-microtubules share key structural and dynamic features with eukaryotic microtubules but exhibit lower bending stiffness and polymerization force. Thus, microtubule-like polymers can form from a range of protofilament numbers, with reduced architectures potentially adapted to small cellular dimensions and lower mechanical loads. Together, our results indicate expansion in microtubule protofilament number during eukaryogenesis.
External linksSci Adv / PubMed:42455893 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (helical sym.)
Resolution2.4 - 3.9 Å
Structure data

69801

24sv

EMDB-69801, PDB-24sv:
Averaged protofilament of Heimdallarchaeales alpha/beta tubulin microtubule with a single seam
Method: EM (helical sym.) / Resolution: 2.4 Å

69802

24sw

EMDB-69802, PDB-24sw:
Heimdallarchaeales alpha/beta tubulin microtubule with three seams
Method: EM (helical sym.) / Resolution: 3.9 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-GDP:
GUANOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE / GDP, energy-carrying molecule*YM

ChemComp-MG:
Unknown entry

Source
  • candidatus heimdallarchaeaceae (archaea)
KeywordsPROTEIN FIBRIL / Heimdallarchaea tubulin microtubule archaea

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