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TitleCompeting forms of protein-protein association and DNA binding exhibited by BrxC from the BREX phage restriction system.
Journal, issue, pagesbioRxiv, Year 2026
Publish dateApr 11, 2026
AuthorsAlexander J Kaiser / Jennifer J Readshaw / Lindsey A Doyle / Maria Puiu / Abigail Kelly / Sydney F McGuire / Julieta Peralta Acosta / Duc Vu / Andrew Nelson / Darren L Smith / Lidia Araújo-Bazán / Ernesto Arias-Palomo / Yvette A Luyten / Barry L Stoddard / Tim R Blower / Brett K Kaiser /
PubMed AbstractBacteriophage exclusion (BREX) defense systems restrict phage infection via inhibition of phage DNA replication, while also modifying and protecting the bacterial genome. Type I BREX systems encode ...Bacteriophage exclusion (BREX) defense systems restrict phage infection via inhibition of phage DNA replication, while also modifying and protecting the bacterial genome. Type I BREX systems encode six conserved proteins, including a site-specific DNA methyltransferase. Host methylation requires a subset of BREX proteins, whereas phage restriction generally requires them all, suggesting that distinct but overlapping complexes mediate these activities. Full details of the mechanism and regulation of BREX remains to be understood. Here, we characterize the behavior and structures of the conserved BrxC AAA+ ATPase protein. BrxC forms multiple competing assemblages - various self-associating multimers, as well as a complex with BrxB-PglZ - that can be uncoupled via distinct point mutations, leading to differing effects on host methylation versus phage restriction. BrxC's self-association, as well as its ability to bind DNA, is regulated by ATP binding and hydrolysis; BrxA and BrxB appear to also regulate those behaviors. These collective results suggest that BrxC may play a key role in controlling the two activities of BREX, with BrxB, BrxC and PglZ forming a core complex, and the equilibrium among competing assemblies containing those proteins modulating the balance between idling and activated restrictive states.
External linksbioRxiv / PubMed:41993295 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution6.94 Å
Structure data

74435

9zn5

EMDB-74435: Dimer of BrxC-BrxB fusion complexed with PglZ from the Acinetobacter BREX system
PDB-9zn5: Hybrid model of a dimer of BrxC-BrxB fusion complexed with PglZ from the Acinetobacter BREX system
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 6.94 Å

Source
  • acinetobacter sp. neb 394 (bacteria)
KeywordsANTIMICROBIAL PROTEIN / Restriction / Bacteriophage / Defense / AlphaFold

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