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TitleAssembly and glycosylation of sheathed flagella.
Journal, issue, pagesPNAS Nexus, Vol. 5, Issue 2, Page pgag011, Year 2026
Publish dateJan 20, 2026
AuthorsRajeev Kumar / Shoichi Tachiyama / Huaxin Yu / Samira Heydari / Jiaqi Guo / Jack M Botting / Wangbiao Guo / Timothy R Hoover / Jun Liu /
PubMed AbstractThe bacterial flagellum is a complex nanomachine essential for motility, colonization, and invasion in diverse species. has evolved elaborate sheathed flagella that enable migration through the ...The bacterial flagellum is a complex nanomachine essential for motility, colonization, and invasion in diverse species. has evolved elaborate sheathed flagella that enable migration through the highly viscous gastric mucus layer to reach its colonization niche on the gastric epithelium, yet the molecular basis for these unique adaptations has remained elusive. Here, we use in situ single-particle cryo-electron microscopy to determine near-atomic structures of the flagellar filament within the membranous sheath of . The major flagellin FlaA constitutes the bulk of the filament, whereas the minor flagellin FlaB contributes critically to the hook-proximal region. Both FlaA and FlaB form a conserved core surrounded by variable surface-exposed domains. Our structures further reveal that pseudaminic acid glycans decorate these domains, where they mediate inter- and intra-subunit contacts that stabilize the filament and confer a negatively charged surface. Together, these findings support a model in which the filament rotates independently of the membranous sheath to drive motility and provide a molecular framework for understanding how the sheathed flagellum enables colonization and persistence within the gastric niche.
External linksPNAS Nexus / PubMed:41659214 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.88 - 3.22 Å
Structure data

72942

9ygu

EMDB-72942, PDB-9ygu:
Flagella filament structure in H. pylori composed of flagellin FlaA
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.88 Å

72948

9yh1

EMDB-72948, PDB-9yh1:
Structure of flagellin FlaB filament in H. pylori
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.22 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-P8E:
5,7-diamino-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-L-glycero-alpha-L-manno-non-2-ulopyranosonic acid

Source
  • Helicobacter pylori (bacteria)
  • helicobacter pylori b128 (bacteria)
KeywordsSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN / flagellin / Flagella / Filament

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