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TitleActin isoform-specific interactions revealed by VopV actin-binding repeats.
Journal, issue, pagesProc Natl Acad Sci U S A, Vol. 122, Issue 48, Page e2523856122, Year 2025
Publish dateDec 2, 2025
AuthorsElena Kudryashova / Mark A B Kreutzberger / Ewa Niedzialkowska / Songyu Dong / Dmitri S Kudryashov / Edward H Egelman /
PubMed AbstractDespite an evolutionary separation of over 300 Mya, there are no amino acid substitutions in certain actin isoforms from reptiles to mammals. What divergence that does exist between different actin ...Despite an evolutionary separation of over 300 Mya, there are no amino acid substitutions in certain actin isoforms from reptiles to mammals. What divergence that does exist between different actin isoforms is primarily tissue-specific, rather than species-specific. Sorting of actin isoforms into distinct cellular compartments is believed to be controlled by actin-binding proteins (ABPs), but little is known about how ABPs can differentiate between actin isoforms. We show that the actin-binding repeat (ABR) of the effector VopV binds to cytoplasmic actin in a unique mode with a low nanomolar affinity, over a thousand times stronger than to muscle actin. Actin mutagenesis and cryo-EM reconstructions reveal that isoform-specific residues of previously unassigned function deep in the cleft between the two actin protofilament strands determine this selectivity. These results suggest a mechanism of highly selective, isoform-specific interactions between actin and its partners, and have broad implications for understanding the evolution of actin. Furthermore, our findings have implications in the pathogenesis of , whose invasion of intestinal epithelial cells relies on the interaction of VopV with cytoplasmic F-actin.
External linksProc Natl Acad Sci U S A / PubMed:41289390 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (helical sym.)
Resolution3.0 - 3.5 Å
Structure data

71108

9p1i

EMDB-71108, PDB-9p1i:
Atomic structure of vibrio effector fragment VopV bound to Beta-cytoplasmic/gamma1-cytoplasmic F-actin
Method: EM (helical sym.) / Resolution: 3.0 Å

71239

9p3d

EMDB-71239, PDB-9p3d:
cryo-EM structure of Vibrio effector VopV fragment bound to skeletal alpha F-actin
Method: EM (helical sym.) / Resolution: 3.5 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-MG:
Unknown entry

ChemComp-ANP:
PHOSPHOAMINOPHOSPHONIC ACID-ADENYLATE ESTER / AMP-PNP, energy-carrying molecule analogue*YM

ChemComp-HOH:
WATER

Source
  • vibrio parahaemolyticus (bacteria)
  • homo sapiens (human)
  • oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)
  • vibrio cholerae (bacteria)
KeywordsSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN / actin / Vibrio / effector proteins / T3SS / cryo-EM / actin isoforms / actin binding / Vibrio effector proteins

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