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TitleStructures reveal how the Cas1-2/3 integrase captures, delivers, and integrates foreign DNA into CRISPR loci.
Journal, issue, pagesStructure, Vol. 33, Issue 12, Page 2058-22070.e6, Year 2025
Publish dateDec 4, 2025
AuthorsWilliam S Henriques / Jarrett Bowman / Laina N Hall / Colin C Gauvin / Hui Wei / Huihui Kuang / Christina M Zimanyi / Edward T Eng / Andrew Santiago-Frangos / Blake Wiedenheft /
PubMed AbstractCas1 and Cas2 are the hallmark proteins of prokaryotic adaptive immunity. However, these two proteins are often fused to other proteins and the functional association of these fusions often remain ...Cas1 and Cas2 are the hallmark proteins of prokaryotic adaptive immunity. However, these two proteins are often fused to other proteins and the functional association of these fusions often remain poorly understood. Here we purify and determine structures of Cas1 and the Cas2/3 fusion proteins from Pseudomonas aeruginosa at distinct stages of CRISPR adaptation. Collectively, these structures reveal a prominent, positively charged channel on one face of the integration complex that captures short fragments of foreign DNA. Foreign DNA binding triggers conformational changes in Cas2/3 that expose new DNA binding surfaces necessary for homing the DNA-bound integrase to specific CRISPR loci. The length of the foreign DNA substrate determines if Cas1-2/3 docks completely onto the CRISPR repeat to successfully catalyze two sequential transesterification reactions required for integration. Together, these structures clarify how the Cas1-2/3 proteins orchestrate foreign DNA capture, site-specific delivery, and integration of new DNA into the bacterial genome.
External linksStructure / PubMed:41072406 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution3.31 - 4.0 Å
Structure data

71091

9p11

EMDB-71091, PDB-9p11:
Cas1-Cas2/3 integrase, heterohexameric assembly
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.5 Å

71097

9p1d

EMDB-71097, PDB-9p1d:
Cas1-Cas2/3 integrase bound to foreign dsDNA fragment
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.31 Å

EMDB-71101: Cas1-2/3 integration complex, 34 bp foreign DNA with PAM, first transesterification
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 4.0 Å

EMDB-71112: Cas1-2/3 integration complex, 34 bp foreign DNA with PAM, CRISPR leader association
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 4.0 Å

EMDB-71114: Cas1-2/3 integration complex, 32 bp foreign DNA without PAM, CRISPR leader association
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.9 Å

EMDB-71115: Cas1-2/3 integration complex, 32 bp foreign DNA without PAM, first transesterification
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.8 Å

EMDB-71116: Cas1-2/3 integration complex, 32 bp foreign DNA without PAM, full repeat
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.8 Å

Source
  • pseudomonas aeruginosa (bacteria)
KeywordsRECOMBINATION / CRISPR / integrase / type I-F

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