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TitleBroad neutralization of influenza B hemagglutinin antibodies via receptor mimicry and glycan engagement.
Journal, issue, pagesProc Natl Acad Sci U S A, Vol. 123, Issue 18, Page e2532989123, Year 2026
Publish dateMay 5, 2026
AuthorsKuan-Ying A Huang / Hong Thuy Vy Nguyen / Yi-Yin Chen / Kai-Jung Wu / Po-Hsien Hsu / Yo-Min Liu / Tzou-Yien Lin / Che Ma /
PubMed AbstractInfluenza B virus contributes to seasonal influenza epidemics and causes global morbidity and mortality. The two antigenically distinct lineages, Victoria and Yamagata, cocirculate within the ...Influenza B virus contributes to seasonal influenza epidemics and causes global morbidity and mortality. The two antigenically distinct lineages, Victoria and Yamagata, cocirculate within the population and are subject to ongoing antigenic drift. In this study, we report the isolation of cross-lineage neutralizing anti-influenza B hemagglutinin (HA) monoclonal antibodies, exhibiting hemagglutination-inhibition activities, from vaccinated adult donors. While some antibodies exhibit reduced activities against recently emerged antigenic variants, BP-1A and BO-6B demonstrate broad neutralization across influenza B viruses isolated over the past two decades and confer protection in mice against lethal challenge from both lineages. Structural analysis of the antibody Fab domains in complex with HA reveals two distinct molecular binding modes: BP-1A uses a long heavy chain CDR3 loop that mimics the ligand to target the receptor-binding site, while BO-6B engages a conserved cleft on the surface of vestigial esterase subdomain through key interactions with glycan moieties. These findings elucidate the molecular basis for broad neutralization by human anti-influenza B HA antibodies and provide insights that may guide the development of immunotherapeutics and rational vaccine design.
External linksProc Natl Acad Sci U S A / PubMed:42060718 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.59 - 3.09 Å
Structure data

EMDB-66599, PDB-9x5w:
B/Brisbane/60/2008 HA in complex with BP-1A
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.76 Å

EMDB-66600, PDB-9x5x:
B/Brisbane/60/2008 HA in complex with FV2DP1-1B
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.76 Å

EMDB-66601, PDB-9x5y:
B/Brisbane/60/2008 HA in complex with BO-6B
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.65 Å

EMDB-66602, PDB-9x5z:
B/Phuket/3073/2013-like HA in complex with BP-1A
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.59 Å

EMDB-66603, PDB-9x60:
B/Hubei-Wujiagang/158/2009 HA in complex with FV2DP1-1B
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.09 Å

EMDB-66604, PDB-9x61:
B/Hubei-Wujiagang/158/2009 HA in complex with BO-6B
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.99 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-NAG:
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose

Source
  • homo sapiens (human)
  • influenza b virus (b/brisbane/60/2008)
  • influenza b virus
  • influenza b virus (b/hubei-wujiagang/158/2009)
KeywordsVIRAL PROTEIN/IMMUNE SYSTEM / Hemagglutinin / HA / antibody / influenza B virus / BP-1A / VIRAL PROTEIN / VIRAL PROTEIN-IMMUNE SYSTEM complex / FV2DP1-1B / BO-6B

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