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TitleA newly isolated giant virus, ushikuvirus, is closely related to clandestinovirus and shows a unique capsid surface structure and host cell interactions.
Journal, issue, pagesJ Virol, Vol. 99, Issue 12, Page e0120625, Year 2025
Publish dateDec 23, 2025
AuthorsJiwan Bae / Narumi Hatori / Raymond N Burton-Smith / Kazuyoshi Murata / Masaharu Takemura /
PubMed AbstractThe family , assigned in 2023, consists of three strains of medusavirus that infect acanthamoeba. A closely related species, clandestinovirus, which infects vermamoeba, was reported in 2021. Here, we ...The family , assigned in 2023, consists of three strains of medusavirus that infect acanthamoeba. A closely related species, clandestinovirus, which infects vermamoeba, was reported in 2021. Here, we report a newly identified clandestinovirus-like virus, named ushikuvirus, isolated from a freshwater pond in Japan. The ushikuvirus genome was at least 666,605 bp and contained 784 genes. Annotation revealed that a substantial proportion (58%) of open reading frames (ORFs) are ORFans, and 25% of ORFs are similar to those of other viruses in the phylum . Among ORFs sharing sequence similarity with other viruses, a large proportion (80%) were similar to the clandestinovirus sequences. However, ushikuvirus shows several remarkable features. (i) The capsid surface has multiple spike-like "cap" structures, some of which exhibit a fibrous structure. (ii) The infection cycle is longer than that of medusavirus and clandestinovirus, and the virus exhibits a unique cytopathic effect (CPE) that causes enlargement of host vermamoeba cells. (iii) The virus forms a viral factory for duplication and destroys the nuclear membrane of vermamoeba cells, a phenomenon not observed with medusavirus and clandestinovirus. These characteristics indicate that this newly isolated giant virus related to the family and Clandestinovirus may represent a key taxon for elucidating virus-host interactions and the evolution of this virus group.IMPORTANCEThe family consists of only one genus, including three species: , , and the recently described medusavirus euryale. These three medusaviruses have been reported to infect . Meanwhile, clandestinovirus, a closely related species in the family , infects vermamoeba. In these viruses, genome replication takes place in the nucleus of the host cell, and like eukaryotes, the genome encodes a full set of histones and has numerous spikes on the capsid surface. Here, we report a new member of this unique virus group, ushikuvirus, which displays distinct features including cytopathic effects in vermamoeba cells. These findings improve our understanding of the biological significance of the family and closely related taxa and provide a basis for elucidating the evolutionary relationships of giant viruses with their eukaryotic hosts.
External linksJ Virol / PubMed:41277844 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution9.3 Å
Structure data

EMDB-64895: Ushikuvirus (9.3A cryo-EM map)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 9.3 Å

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