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TitleSegmented filamentous bacteria undergo a structural transition at their adhesive tip during unicellular to filament development.
Journal, issue, pagesNat Commun, Vol. 17, Issue 1, Page 222, Year 2025
Publish dateDec 17, 2025
AuthorsAna Raquel Cruz / Benedikt H Wimmer / Teck Hui Teo / Gérard Pehau-Arnaudet / Jean-Marie Winter / Anastasia D Gazi / Pierre Lafaye / Sébastien Brier / Agnès Legrand / Anna Dubrovsky-Gaupp / Marion Bérard / Gabriel Aymé / Anna Sartori-Rupp / Ohad Medalia / Pamela Schnupf /
PubMed AbstractSegmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are intestinal commensals that promote immune system development and pathogen protection through intimate attachment to the ileal epithelium. Attachment occurs ...Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are intestinal commensals that promote immune system development and pathogen protection through intimate attachment to the ileal epithelium. Attachment occurs via the tip of unicellular teardrop-shaped SFB, called intracellular offsprings (IOs), before outgrowth into filaments. To characterize this critical stage of the SFB life cycle, we imaged SFB using cryo-electron microscopy and tomography. IOs were surrounded by a repetitive surface (S)-layer that became replaced by disordered hair-like structures specifically at the IO tip. During outgrowth into filaments, the S-layer was exchanged for a morphologically distinct repetitive hair-like layer. The bacterial structures and morphological transition were conserved across SFB from mouse and rat origin, while growth of mouse-SFB under non-attachment conditions in a heterologous host affected the SFB tip length and relative proportion of the tip stages. Moreover, a major Th17 and B cell antigen, while being a ubiquitous cell wall-associated protein, was immunologically accessible only at the filament tip, underscoring the unique properties of the tip structure. This study identifies an IO-specific S-layer and reveals a conserved developmental transition of the SFB tip surface including the transient appearance of structures consistent in location and timing with being involved in host cell attachment.
External linksNat Commun / PubMed:41407704 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (tomography)
Structure data

EMDB-52655: Cryo-electron tomogram of the S-layer coated tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-NL (intracellular offspring containing flagella and intracellular vesicles) grown in mice
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52667: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-NL (intracellular offspring containing a chemosensory array) grown in mice
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52668: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-NL (intracellular offspring containing intracellular filaments) grown in mice
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52669: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-NL (intracellular offspring containing intracellular plate-like structures) grown in mice
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52670: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-NL (intracellular offspring containing intracellular vesicles) grown in mice and of undecorated extracellular vesicle
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52671: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-NL (intracellular offspring) grown in mice and of decorated extracellular vesicle
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52673: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-NL (intracellular offspring containing intracellular plate-like structures and a chemosensory array) grown in mice
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52674: Cryo-electron tomogram of the cell body of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-NL (intracellular offspring containing intracellular filaments) grown in mice
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52675: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-NL (intracellular offspring) grown in mice and of undecorated extracellular vesicles
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52676: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-NL (stage 3 intracellular offspring) grown in mice
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52677: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-NL (stage 4 filament) grown in mice
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52678: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-NL (stage 5 filament) grown in mice
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52679: Cryo-electron tomogram of the hair-like layer coated distal end of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-NL (intracellular offspring) grown in mice
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52680: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-NL (stage 3 intracellular offspring) grown in mice
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52682: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-NL (stage 5 intracellular offspring) grown in mice
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52683: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-NL (transitional stage 4 intracellular offspring) grown in mice
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52684: Cryo-electron tomogram of the S-layer coated tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-rat-Yit (intracellular offspring containing intracellular vesicles) grown in rats
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52685: Cryo-electron tomogram of the S-layer coated tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-NL (stage 1 intracellular offspring) grown in mice
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52687: Cryo-electron tomogram of the S-layer coated tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-NL (intracellular offspring containing flagella) grown in mice
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52688: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-rat-Yit (stage 3 intracellular offspring) grown in rats
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52689: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-rat-Yit (intracellular offspring containing flagella and intracellular filaments) grown in rats and of decorated extracellular vesicles
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52690: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-rat-Yit (unidentified stage intracellular offspring) grown in rats
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52691: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-rat-Yit (intracellular offspring containing intracellular plate-like structures) grown in rats
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52692: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-rat-Yit (intracellular offspring containing flagella and a chemosensory array) grown in rats
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52693: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-rat-Yit (intracellular offspring containing intracellular filaments and vesicles) grown in rats and of extracellular vesicles
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52694: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-rat-Yit (intracellular offspring containing intracellular plate-like structures) grown in rats
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52695: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-rat-Yit (stage 1 intracellular offspring) grown in rats
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52696: Cryo-electron tomogram of the S-layer coated distal end of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-NL (intracellular offspring) grown in mice
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52697: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-NL (unidentified stage intracellular offspring) grown in mice
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52698: Cryo-electron tomogram of the S-layer coated distal end of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-rat-Yit (intracellular offspring) grown in rats
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52699: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-rat-Yit (stage 5 filament) grown in rats
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52700: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-NL (stage 1 intracellular offspring) grown in rats
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52701: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-NL (stage 2 intracellular offspring) grown in rats
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52702: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-NL (stage 3 intracellular offspring) grown in rats
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52703: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-NL (stage 5 intracellular offspring) grown in rats
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-52856: Cryo-electron tomogram of the distal end of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-rat-Yit (unidentified stage intracellular offspring) grown in rats
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-54603: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-rat-Yit (transitional stage 3 intracellular offspring) grown in rats
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-54605: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-NL (intracellular offspring containing short and long tracks) grown in mice
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-54607: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-rat-Yit (stage 5 filament) grown in rats
Method: EM (tomography)

EMDB-54608: Cryo-electron tomogram of the tip of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-NL (stage 4 filament) grown in mice
Method: EM (tomography)

Source
  • Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-NL (bacteria)
  • Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-rat-Yit (bacteria)

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