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TitleHuman endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) envelope structures in pre- and postfusion by cryo-EM.
Journal, issue, pagesSci Adv, Vol. 11, Issue 35, Page eady8168, Year 2025
Publish dateAug 29, 2025
AuthorsJeremy Shek / Chen Sun / Elise M Wilson / Fatemeh Moadab / Kathryn M Hastie / Roshan R Rajamanickam / Patrick J Penalosa / Stephanie S Harkins / Diptiben Parekh / Chitra Hariharan / Dawid S Zyla / Cassandra Yu / Kelly C L Shaffer / Victoria I Lewis / Ruben Diaz Avalos / Tomas Mustelin / Erica Ollmann Saphire /
PubMed AbstractHuman endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are remnants of ancient infections that comprise ~8% of the human genome. The HERV-K envelope glycoprotein (Env) is aberrantly expressed in cancers, autoimmune ...Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are remnants of ancient infections that comprise ~8% of the human genome. The HERV-K envelope glycoprotein (Env) is aberrantly expressed in cancers, autoimmune disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases, and is targeted by patients' own antibodies. However, a lack of structural information has limited molecular and immunological studies of the roles of HERVs in disease. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of stabilized HERV-K Env in the prefusion conformation, revealing a distinct fold and architecture compared to HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus. We also generated and characterized a panel of monoclonal antibodies with subunit and conformational specificity, serving as valuable research tools. These antibodies enabled structure determination of the postfusion conformation of HERV-K Env, including its unique "tether" helix, and antibody-bound prefusion Env. Together, these results provide a structural framework that opens the door to mechanistic studies of HERV-K Env and tools for its evaluation as a potential therapeutic target.
External linksSci Adv / PubMed:40864726 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.24 - 2.84 Å
Structure data

48351

9mla

EMDB-48351, PDB-9mla:
Pre-fusion HERV-K Envelope Protein Trimer Ectodomain in complex with Kenv-6 Fab
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.24 Å

48374

9mlk

EMDB-48374, PDB-9mlk:
Post-fusion HERV-K Envelope Protein in complex with Kenv-4 Fab
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.84 Å

70098

9o4f

EMDB-70098, PDB-9o4f:
Pre-fusion Stabilized HERV-K Envelope Trimer Ectodomain
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.24 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-NAG:
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose

Source
  • homo sapiens (human)
  • enterobacteria phage t4 (virus)
  • mus musculus (house mouse)
KeywordsVIRAL PROTEIN / Human endogenous retrovirus K / glycoprotein / HERV-K / envelope / pre-fusion / Fab complex / Human endogenous retrovirus K; glycoprotein; HERV-K; envelope; post-fusion

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