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TitleActivation of STING by targeting a pocket in the transmembrane domain.
Journal, issue, pagesNature, Vol. 604, Issue 7906, Page 557-562, Year 2022
Publish dateApr 6, 2022
AuthorsDefen Lu / Guijun Shang / Jie Li / Yong Lu / Xiao-Chen Bai / Xuewu Zhang /
PubMed AbstractStimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an adaptor protein in innate immunity against DNA viruses or bacteria. STING-mediated immunity could be exploited in the development of vaccines or cancer ...Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an adaptor protein in innate immunity against DNA viruses or bacteria. STING-mediated immunity could be exploited in the development of vaccines or cancer immunotherapies. STING is a transmembrane dimeric protein that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum or in the Golgi apparatus. STING is activated by the binding of its cytoplasmic ligand-binding domain to cyclic dinucleotides that are produced by the DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase or by invading bacteria. Cyclic dinucleotides induce a conformational change in the STING ligand-binding domain, which leads to a high-order oligomerization of STING that is essential for triggering the downstream signalling pathways. However, the cGAMP-induced STING oligomers tend to dissociate in solution and have not been resolved to high resolution, which limits our understanding of the activation mechanism. Here we show that a small-molecule agonist, compound 53 (C53), promotes the oligomerization and activation of human STING through a mechanism orthogonal to that of cGAMP. We determined a cryo-electron microscopy structure of STING bound to both C53 and cGAMP, revealing a stable oligomer that is formed by side-by-side packing and has a curled overall shape. Notably, C53 binds to a cryptic pocket in the STING transmembrane domain, between the two subunits of the STING dimer. This binding triggers outward shifts of transmembrane helices in the dimer, and induces inter-dimer interactions between these helices to mediate the formation of the high-order oligomer. Our functional analyses show that cGAMP and C53 together induce stronger activation of STING than either ligand alone.
External linksNature / PubMed:35388221 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution3.45 Å
Structure data

25142

7sii

EMDB-25142, PDB-7sii:
Human STING bound to both cGAMP and 1-[(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)methyl]-3,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-N-[(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-6-carboxamide (Compound 53)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.45 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-9IM:
1-[(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)methyl]-3,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-N-[(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-6-carboxamide

ChemComp-1SY:
cGAMP / Cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate

Source
  • homo sapiens (human)
KeywordsIMMUNE SYSTEM / Sting / agonist / activate conformation / oligomer

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