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TitleDecoding plant vacuolar phosphate efflux: Structural and dynamic insights from rice VPE2.
Journal, issue, pagesProc Natl Acad Sci U S A, Vol. 123, Issue 33, Page e2611598123, Year 2026
Publish dateAug 18, 2026
AuthorsJiaqi Zuo / Shuo Cao / Ying Tang / Haitao He / Jie Zhang / Peiru Li / Yanke Chen / Ping Yin / Chuang Wang / Lizhong Xiong / Faming Dong / Zhu Liu /
PubMed AbstractVacuoles store up to 90% of cellular phosphorus in plants, serving as a critical buffer against cytosolic fluctuations during environmental nutrient stress. Despite this central role, the molecular ...Vacuoles store up to 90% of cellular phosphorus in plants, serving as a critical buffer against cytosolic fluctuations during environmental nutrient stress. Despite this central role, the molecular mechanisms governing vacuolar inorganic phosphate (Pi) release through vacuolar Pi efflux transporters (VPEs) remain unclear. Through integrative structural biology, we elucidate how the rice transporter OsVPE2 transports Pi out of vacuoles. Cryoelectron microscopy structures capture distinct functional states, revealing a Pi-binding pocket and a unique vacuolar coupling helix (VCH) motif that undergoes pH-dependent conformational switching. Single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer analyses reveal the intrinsic dynamics of the VCH, demonstrating that its movement is coupled with the transporter's conformational changes. This dynamic VCH functions as a conformational switch, regulating the transporter cycle: its embedding into the transmembrane vestibule stabilizes transporter's outward-occluded state, while its displacement enables the transition to the inward-open conformation. Functional studies demonstrate that VCH flexibility-not mere presence-is essential for transport, and its disruption impairs function. Our work establishes the molecular blueprint for vacuolar Pi efflux, identifying this evolutionarily conserved regulatory VCH among VPEs as a potential target for structure-guided engineering to optimize plant phosphorus recycling and use efficiency.
External linksProc Natl Acad Sci U S A / PubMed:42594278 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution3.3 - 3.7 Å
Structure data

68988

23ic

EMDB-68988, PDB-23ic:
Cryo-EM structure of Oryza sativa vacuolar phosphate efflux transporter 2 (OsVPE2)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.5 Å

68990

23if

EMDB-68990, PDB-23if:
Cryo-EM structure of Oryza sativa vacuolar phosphate efflux transporter 2 (OsVPE2) with phosphate
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.3 Å

68992

23ig

EMDB-68992, PDB-23ig:
Cryo-EM structure of Oryza sativa vacuolar phosphate efflux transporter 2 (OsVPE2) at pH5.
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.7 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-PO4:
PHOSPHATE ION

Source
  • oryza sativa japonica group (Japanese rice)
KeywordsTRANSPORT PROTEIN / vacuolar phosphate efflux transporter / Monomer

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