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TitleStructural insights into spectral tuning and retinal exchange in cone visual pigments.
Journal, issue, pagesScience, Vol. 392, Issue 6805, Page eadz3996, Year 2026
Publish dateJun 25, 2026
AuthorsSayaka Ohashi / Kota Katayama / Asato Kojima / Xuchun Yang / Masahiro Fukuda / Filippo Sacchetta / Ryoji Suno / Yukihiko Sugita / Nipawan Nuemket / Suhyang Kim / Kazuhiro Kobayashi / Hiroo Imai / So Iwata / Eriko Nango / Takuya Kobayashi / Takeshi Noda / Massimo Olivucci / Hideaki E Kato / Hideki Kandori /
PubMed AbstractColor vision in catarrhine primates relies on red-, green-, and blue-sensitive cone pigments that share an 11--retinal chromophore but differ in absorption maxima. Red and green pigments arose by ...Color vision in catarrhine primates relies on red-, green-, and blue-sensitive cone pigments that share an 11--retinal chromophore but differ in absorption maxima. Red and green pigments arose by recent gene duplication and differ at only a few residues. Here, we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of red and green cone pigments from the cynomolgus macaque () integrated with low-temperature vibrational spectroscopy and quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical modeling. The red-green spectral shift is dominated by threonine 285, the hydroxyl dipole of which modulates chromophore electrostatics, whereas steric effects appear modest. We also identified membrane-facing lateral openings in cone pigments but not in inactive rhodopsin. Comparisons with active-state structures suggest activation-dependent gating, and mutational and spectroscopic analyses support a role for this opening in retinal uptake and rapid pigment regeneration.
External linksScience / PubMed:42348681
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution3.21 - 3.71 Å
Structure data

64397

9upm

EMDB-64397, PDB-9upm:
Cryo-EM structure of macaque red cone pigment with Q114N mutation
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.21 Å

64398

9upn

EMDB-64398, PDB-9upn:
Cryo-EM structure of macaque green cone pigment with Q114N mutation
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.37 Å

64399

9upo

EMDB-64399, PDB-9upo:
Cryo-EM structure of macaque green cone pigment wild type
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.71 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-RET:
RETINAL

Source
  • macaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque)
  • escherichia coli (E. coli)
KeywordsMEMBRANE PROTEIN / Cone pigment / GPCR / rhodopsin / visual pigment

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